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Exercise 22 General Sensation

front 1

Interoceptors

back 1

respond to stimuli arising within the body

front 2

Exteroceptors

back 2

react to stimuli in the external environment, closest to the body surface

front 3

Backing into a sun-heated iron railing

back 3

Exteroceptor, pain receptor

front 4

Someone steps on your foot

back 4

Exteroceptor, pain receptor

front 5

Reading a book

back 5

Exteroceptor, photoreceptor

front 6

Leaning on your elbows

back 6

Exteroceptor and Interoceptor, pacinian corpuscle and proprioceptor

front 7

Doing sit-ups

back 7

Interoceptor, proprioceptor

front 8

The "too full" sensation

back 8

Interoceptor, visceral receptor

front 9

Seasickness

back 9

Exteroceptor, equilibrium of the inner ear

front 10

Explain how sensory receptors act as transducers.

back 10

Changing the environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are relayed to the CNS

front 11

Stimulus

back 11

anything that can trigger a response (action potential)

front 12

What was determined by the two-point discrimination test?

back 12

testing touch receptors and how they are distributed in different areas of the body

front 13

What is the relationship between the accuracy of the subject's tactile localization and the results of the two-point discrimination test?

back 13

the distance of both were not closely similar

front 14

Punctate distribution

back 14

the type of distribution of sensory receptors in which they are not distributed uniformly, but instead have discrete locations and are characterized by clustering at certain points

front 15

Which cutaneous receptors are the most numerous?

back 15

pain receptors

front 16

Which two body areas tested were the most sensitive to touch?

back 16

lips, fingers

front 17

What two body areas tested were least sensitive to touch?

back 17

ventral forearm, back of the neck

front 18

Where would referred pain appear if (1) gallbladder, (2) kidneys, (3) appendix were receiving painful stimuli?

back 18

1. right inferior thorax

2. lumbar

3. right lower quadrant

front 19

Where was the referred pain felt when the elbow was immersed in ice water?

back 19

medial hand

front 20

What region of the cerebrum interprets the stimuli (type and intensity) that causes cutaneous sensation?

back 20

somatosensory cortex

front 21

Adaptation of sensory receptors

back 21

when the receptors discharge slows and conscious awareness of the stimulus declines or is lost until some type of stimulus change occurs

front 22

Why is it advantageous to have pain receptors that are sensitive to all vigorous stimuli, whether heat, cold, or pressure?

back 22

protection, prevention of injury, to warn you quickly of harm or dangers that are happening to your body

front 23

Why is the non-adaptability of pain receptors important?

back 23

provides an on going alertness; prevention of on going injury or damage

front 24

Imagine yourself without any cutaneous sense organs. Why might this be very dangerous?

back 24

lack of a warning means increased potential for damage or injury

front 25

Referred pain

back 25

a sensory experience in which pain is perceived as arising in one area of the body when in fact another, often quite remote area is receiving the painful stimulus

front 26

What is the probable explanation for referred pain?

back 26

referred pain may occur because the nerves innervating both viscera (organs) and somatic structures travel along the same pathways