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44 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

front 1

A closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart

back 1

Blood Vessels

front 2

The 3 major types of blood vessels are

back 2

  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins

front 3

A blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart

back 3

Arteries

front 4

A blood vessel that carries blood TOWARD to the heart

back 4

Veins

front 5

The innermost tunic of a blood vessels, that contains endothelium, is called

back 5

Tunica Intima

front 6

The middle tunic of a blood vessel, which is mostly circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin, is called

back 6

Tunica Media

front 7

Narrowing of blood vessels

back 7

Vasoconstriction

front 8

Relaxation of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, producing dilation

back 8

Vasodilation

front 9

The bulkiest layer of the blood vessels

back 9

Tunica Media

front 10

The outermost layer of a blood vessel wall, which is composed largely of loosely woven collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel is called

back 10

Tuncia Externa

front 11

Arteries can be divided into three groups

back 11

  • Elastic Arteries
  • Muscular Arteries
  • Arterioles

front 12

The thick-walled arteries near the heart, such as the aorta and its major branches

back 12

Elastic Arteries

front 13

Arteries that deliver blood to specific body organs

back 13

Muscular Arteries

front 14

The smallest of the arteries

back 14

Arterioles

front 15

The smallest blood vessels

back 15

Capillaries

front 16

The average length of capillaries are

back 16

1mm

front 17

There are three types of capillaries

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  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoid

front 18

These capillaries are the most abundant in the skin and muscles

back 18

Continuous Capillaries

front 19

Similar to continuous capillaries, these capillaries are riddled with oval pores, or fenestrations

back 19

Fenestrations

front 20

Leaky capillaries found only in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla

back 20

Sinusoid Capillaries

front 21

Form interweaving networks of capillaries

back 21

Capillaries Bed

front 22

The flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule

back 22

Microcirculation

front 23

A short vessel that directly connects the arteriole and venule at opposite ends of the bed

back 23

Vascular Shunt

front 24

Actual exchange vessels

back 24

True Capillaries

front 25

A small vein

back 25

Venule

front 26

A minute artery

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Arteriole

front 27

Blood vessesls that carry blood from the capillary beds toward the heart

back 27

Veins

front 28

Valves formed from folds of the tunica intima of veins

back 28

Venous Valves

front 29

Special interconnections formed by blood vessels

back 29

Vascular Anastomoses

front 30

Merged arteries that supply the same area of an organ

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Arterial Anastomoses

front 31

The volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period (ml/min)

back 31

Blood Flow

front 32

The force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood; expressed in mm Hg

back 32

Blood Pressure

front 33

The opposition to flow and is a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessel

back 33

Resistance

front 34

There are three important sources of resistance

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  • Blood Viscosity - the thickness or "stickiness" of blood
  • Vessel Length - the longer the blood vessel, the greater the resistance
  • Vessel Diameter - the smaller the diameter of a blood vessel, the greater the resistance

front 35

When blood pressure increase

back 35

blood flow speeds up

front 36

When peripheral resistance increase

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blood flow decrease

front 37

Formula for blood flow

back 37

front 38

Systemic blood pressure is highest

back 38

in the aorta

front 39

Arterial blood pressure reflects two factors

back 39

  • How much the elastic arteries close the heart can stretch
  • The volume of blood forced into them at any time

front 40

Pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel walls during ventricular contractions

back 40

Systolic Pressure

front 41

Period when either the ventricles or the atria are contracting

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Systole

front 42

Period of the cardiac cycle when either the ventricles or the atria are relaxing

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Diastole

front 43

Arterial blood pressure reached during or as a result of diastole;

back 43

Diastolic Pressure

front 44

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

back 44

Pulse Pressure