front 1 Virus capsids are made from subunits called | back 1 capsomeres |
front 2 Helical & icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus | back 2 capsid |
front 3 A _ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus | back 3 capsid |
front 4 One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _ capsid | back 4 Icosahedral |
front 5 Which of the following is not associated with every virus? | back 5 envelope |
front 6 Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during | back 6 release |
front 7 In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _ | back 7 nucleus, cytoplasm |
front 8 Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are | back 8 Oncoviruses |
front 9 When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called | back 9 lysogenic conversion |
front 10 Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called | back 10 viroids |
front 11 Infectious protein particles are called | back 11 prions |
front 12 Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism | back 12 macronutrient |
front 13 Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and maintenance | back 13 trace element |
front 14 An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a/an | back 14 growth factor |
front 15 Calcium is required for bacteria because | back 15 it stabilizes the cell wall |
front 16 An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an | back 16 photoautotroph |
front 17 Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called | back 17 saprobes |
front 18 Aerobic respiration is an example of | back 18 photosynthesis |
front 19 Organisms called _ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm | back 19 pathogens |
front 20 The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called | back 20 diffusion |
front 21 Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called | back 21 osmosis |
front 22 The movement of substance from lower to higher concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called | back 22 active transport |
front 23 The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called | back 23 facilitated diffusion |
front 24 The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it is called | back 24 endocytosis |
front 25 Nutrient absorption is mediated by the | back 25 cell membrane |
front 26 When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is specifically termed | back 26 phagocytosis |
front 27 In _ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting | back 27 hypotonic |
front 28 An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called a/an | back 28 thermophile |
front 29 Human pathogens fall into the group | back 29 mesophiles |
front 30 When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called | back 30 commensalism |
front 31 The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of | back 31 catabolism |
front 32 The cell's metabolic reactions involve the participation of _ that lower the activation energy needed for the initiation of a reaction | back 32 enzymes |
front 33 A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called | back 33 cofactors |
front 34 Important components of coenzymes are | back 34 vitamins |
front 35 Enzymes that are only produced when substrate is present are termed | back 35 induced enzymes |
front 36 All of the following are exoenzymes except | back 36 ATP synthase |
front 37 Enzymes that are secreted by a cell to hydrolyze reactions are | back 37 exoenzymes |
front 38 Enzymes that function inside a cell are | back 38 endoenzymes |
front 39 Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate are | back 39 constitutive enzymes |
front 40 Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _ pathways. | back 40 cyclic |
front 41 When the product of reaction A becomes the reactant of reaction B, the metabolic pathway is | back 41 linear |
front 42 Most electron carriers are | back 42 coenzymes |
front 43 The step involving ATP, hexokinase and the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is | back 43 an example of substrate-level phosphorylation |
front 44 Which of the following is not a process that regenerates ATP | back 44 reductive phosphorylation |
front 45 Gylcolysis | back 45 uses 2 ATP, produces ATP, without oxygen |
front 46 The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins | back 46 the Krebs cycle |
front 47 Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in | back 47 glycolysis and krebs cycle |
front 48 The majority of reduced NAD is produced in | back 48 Krebs cycle |
front 49 In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the | back 49 cell membrane |
front 50 Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _ ATP | back 50 3 |
front 51 Each FADH2 from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport system and gives rise to _ATP's | back 51 2 |
front 52 In which pathway is the most NADH generated | back 52 Krebs cycle |
front 53 During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed | back 53 electron transport |
front 54 In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated | back 54 38 |
front 55 When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated | back 55 2 |
front 56 The principle sites of amphibolic interaction occur during | back 56 glycolysis and krebs cycle |
front 57 The _ is all of the genetic material of a cell | back 57 genome |
front 58 The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called | back 58 nucleotides |
front 59 The duplication of a cell's DNA is called | back 59 replication |
front 60 Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by | back 60 DNA ligases |
front 61 The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them and correctly replace them are | back 61 DNA polymerases |
front 62 The enzyme that help pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle are | back 62 DNA helicases |
front 63 DNA Polymerase I | back 63 removes primers |
front 64 A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an | back 64 mutation |
front 65 Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one | back 65 amino acid |
front 66 The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein systhesis are called | back 66 transfer RNA |
front 67 This molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand | back 67 messenger RNA |
front 68 Which of the following is not a type of microRNA | back 68 tRNA |
front 69 All of the following pertain to RNA virus replication except | back 69 negative-sense viruses directly undergo translation |
front 70 The most serious type of mutation is a | back 70 frame shift mutation |
front 71 What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for | back 71 silent |
front 72 Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination | back 72 mitosis |
front 73 Which of the following is not true of transposons | back 73 are always part of plasmids |