front 1 Early-maturing boys perceive themselves more positively than late-maturing boys. | back 1 Berkeley Longitudinal Study |
front 2 While adolescents have strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex is not developed enough to control them. | back 2 Charles Nelson |
front 3 Conducts research on developmental changes in the brain during adolescence. | back 3 Judith Blakemore |
front 4 Preference for immediate rewards increases in adolescents from 14 to 16 years and decreases thereafter. | back 4 Laurence Steinberg |
front 5 As we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing. | back 5 Leonard Hayflick |
front 6 Positive emotions early in adulthood are linked to longevity. | back 6 Mankato nuns |
front 7 The prefrontal cortex directs the functions of other brain regions during development. | back 7 Mark Johnson |
front 8 When the left hemisphere of his brain was removed, his right hemisphere began to take over the normal functions of the left hemisphere. | back 8 Michael Rehbein |
front 9 According to Hayflick's cellular clock theory, cells can divide normally: | back 9 a maximum of 75 to 80 times. |
front 10 All of the following are recommendations to help older adults sleep better at night, EXCEPT: | back 10 taking short naps during the day. |
front 11 Children reach nearly one-half of their adult height by age: | back 11 two. |
front 12 Considering the normal aging process, who would be expected to have the highest blood pressure? | back 12 A postmenopausal woman |
front 13 Defects in mitochondria are linked with all of the following, EXCEPT: | back 13 decreased immune system functioning. |
front 14 During the preschool years: | back 14 the percentage of increase in children's height and weight decreases each year. |
front 15 In adolescence, the gap between the increase in risk-taking behavior and the delay in self-regulation is linked to the timing of development in the: | back 15 limbic system and frontal lobes. |
front 16 Myelination: | back 16 encases axons with a myelin sheath. |
front 17 Nathan has just turned 2 years old. Developmental psychologists believe Nathan's brain is _____ percent of its adult weight. | back 17 75 |
front 18 Proximodistal growth refers to growth that moves from: | back 18 middle to outer. |
front 19 Puberty: | back 19 occurs primarily in early adolescence. |
front 20 Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to: | back 20 be depressed. |
front 21 Sleep researchers have found that: | back 21 infants engage in more REM sleep than adults. |
front 22 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is less likely when infants sleep: | back 22 with a fan on. |
front 23 Telomeres: | back 23 are DNA sequences. |
front 24 Testosterone is present in: | back 24 boys in a much higher measure than in girls. |
front 25 The _____ is the master gland that produces hormones that stimulate other glands. | back 25 pituitary gland |
front 26 The average life expectancy of individuals born today in the United States is _____ years for women and _____ for men. | back 26 80.4; 75.4 |
front 27 The average North American newborn is _____ inches long and weighs _____ pounds. | back 27 20; 7½ |
front 28 The Berkeley Longitudinal Study showed that, compared with late-maturing boys, early-maturing boys saw themselves: | back 28 more positively. |
front 29 The brain is divided into two halves called: | back 29 hemispheres. |
front 30 The brain structure that monitors eating, drinking, and sex is the: | back 30 hypothalamus. |
front 31 The last male pubertal characteristic to develop is: | back 31 growth of facial hair. |
front 32 The outer layer of the forebrain, which accounts for 80 percent of the brain's volume, is called the: | back 32 cerebral cortex. |
front 33 The pineal gland produces _____ in preparation for the body to sleep. | back 33 melatonin |
front 34 The term sarcopenia refers to age-related: | back 34 loss of muscle mass and strength. |
front 35 The testes in males and the ovaries in females are referred to as the: | back 35 gonads. |
front 36 Tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth, and repair are called: | back 36 mitochondria. |
front 37 Two important factors that can produce individual differences in height are: | back 37 ethnic origin and nutrition. |
front 38 Typically, which part of a neuron receives information from other neurons? | back 38 Dendrites |
front 39 Which lobe of the brain plays an important role in motor control? | back 39 Parietal |
front 40 Which of the following best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development? | back 40 An infant first raises his or her head, then sits up, then stands up. |
front 41 Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produce unstable oxygen molecules? | back 41 Free-radical theory |
front 42 Which of the following can be expected to occur in early adulthood? | back 42 Sagging chins and protruding abdomens |
front 43 Which of the following statements about centenarians is NOT true? | back 43 Japan has the most centenarians. |
front 44 Which of the following statements is NOT true? | back 44 Children mature up to 2 years earlier in the U.S. than in England. |
front 45 Which of the following statements is true? | back 45 At the beginning of adolescence, girls tend to be as tall as or taller than boys their age. |
front 46 Which of the following statements regarding sleep during childhood is NOT true? | back 46 Children who do not get enough sleep are more likely to have mothers with health problems. |
front 47 Which statement summarizes normal brain development during the seventh decade of life? | back 47 Dendritic growth might compensate for the possible loss of neurons. |
front 48 Which was NOT a finding of the research involving the Sisters of Notre Dame in Mankato? | back 48 Idea density was negatively correlated with brain weight. |
front 49 Adults need six hours of sleep to be able to function optimally. | back 49 FALSE |
front 50 Boys become more satisfied with their bodies as they move through puberty while girls tend to become more dissatisfied with their bodies. | back 50 TRUE |
front 51 Climacteric is the term used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines. | back 51 TRUE |
front 52 Dendritic growth can occur in human adults. | back 52 TRUE |
front 53 During early childhood, boys have more fatty tissue than girls. | back 53 TRUE |
front 54 In boys, increased height is associated with an increase in testosterone. | back 54 TRUE |
front 55 In the first several days of life, most newborns lose 5-7 percent of their body weight. | back 55 TRUE |
front 56 Neurogenesis in the occipital lobe of a human being is possible. | back 56 FALSE |
front 57 Recent research suggests that the brains of aging adults may decrease in lateralization, while the brains of children increase in lateralization. | back 57 TRUE |
front 58 Research involving the Sisters of Notre Dame in Mankato has revealed that idea density in early adulthood is negatively correlated with cognitive impairment in later adulthood. | back 58 TRUE |
front 59 SIDS is more common in Eskimos than Caucasian infants. | back 59 TRUE |
front 60 Testosterone is the main class of female hormones. | back 60 FALSE |
front 61 The age range of menarche is between 9 and 15 years. | back 61 TRUE |
front 62 amygdala | back 62 A part of the brain's limbic system that is the seat of emotions such as anger. |
front 63 cellular clock theory | back 63 Leonard Hayflick's theory that the number of times human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. As we age, our cells are less able to divide. |
front 64 cephalocaudal pattern | back 64 The sequence in which the fastest growth occurs at the top of the body—the head—with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom. |
front 65 climacteric | back 65 The midlife transition during which fertility declines. |
front 66 corpus callosum | back 66 A large bundle of axon fibers that connects the brain's left and right hemispheres. |
front 67 estradiol | back 67 A hormone associated in girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development. |
front 68 free-radical theory | back 68 A microbiological theory of aging stating that people age because when their cells metabolize energy, they generate waste that includes unstable oxygen molecules, known as free radicals, that damage DNA and other structures. |
front 69 gonadotropins | back 69 Hormones that stimulate the testes or ovaries. |
front 70 gonads | back 70 The sex glands, which are the testes in males and the ovaries in females. |
front 71 hormonal stress theory | back 71 The theory that aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease. |
front 72 hormones | back 72 Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream. |
front 73 hypothalamus | back 73 A structure in the brain that is involved with eating and sexual behavior. |
front 74 lateralization | back 74 Specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other of the cerebral cortex. |
front 75 life span | back 75 The upper boundary of life, which is the maximum number of years an individual can live. The maximum life span of humans is about 120 years of age. |
front 76 menarche | back 76 A girl's first menstrual period. |
front 77 menopause | back 77 The time in middle age, usually in the late forties or early fifties, when a woman's menstrual periods cease. |
front 78 mitochondrial theory | back 78 The theory that aging is caused by the decay of the mitochondria, which are tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for cell function, growth, and repair. |
front 79 myelination | back 79 The process of encasing axons with a myelin sheath, which helps increase the speed and efficiency of information processing. |
front 80 pituitary gland | back 80 An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates the activity of other glands. |
front 81 prefrontal cortex | back 81 The highest level of the frontal lobes that is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. |
front 82 proximodistal pattern | back 82 The sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. |
front 83 puberty | back 83 A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes during early adolescence. |
front 84 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | back 84 Condition that occurs when an infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause. |
front 85 testosterone | back 85 A hormone associated in boys with the development of the genitals, increased height, and voice changes. |