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108 notecards = 27 pages (4 cards per page)

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Introduction to Medical Terminology

front 1

PRIMARY TERMS

back 1

APPEAR IN BOLDFACE.

front 2

SECONDARY TERMS

back 2

APPEAR IN ORANGE. SOME OF THESE TERMS ARE THE :ALSO KNOWN AS" NAMES OF CONDITIONS OR PROCEDURES.

front 3

THE FOUR TYPES OF WORD PARTS

back 3

1. A WORD ROOT: BASIC MEANING OF THE TERM. USUALLY, BUT NOT ALWAYS, INDICATES THE INVOLVED BODY PART.
2. COMBINING FORM: IS A WORD ROOT WITH A VOWEL AT THE END SO THAT A SUFFIX BEGINNING WITH A CONSONANT CAN BE ADDED.
3. SUFFIX: USUALLY, BUT NOT ALWAYS, INDICATES THE PROCEDURE, CONDITION, DISORDER, OR DISEASE. ALWAYS COMES AT THE END OF A WORD.
4. PREFIX: USUALLY, BUT NOT ALWAYS, INDICATES LOCATION, TIME, NUMBER, OR STATUS. ALWAYS COMES AT THE BEGINNING OF A WORD.

front 4

WORD PART GUIDELINES

back 4

1. A WORD ROOT CANNOT STAND ALONE. A SUFFIX MUST BE ADDED TO COMPLETE THE TERM.
2. RULES FOR CREATING A COMBINING FORM BY ADDING A VOWEL APPLY WHEN A SUFFIX BEGINNING WITH A CONSONANT IS ADDED TO A WORD ROOT.
3. WHEN A PREFIX IS NECESSARY, IT IS ALWAYS PLACES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WORD.

front 5

COMBINING FORM VOWELS

back 5

1. THE LETTER "O" IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED COMBINING VOWEL.
2. WHEN A WORD ROOT IS SHOWN ALONE AS A COMBINING FORM, IT INDICATED A SLASH (/) AND THE COMBINING VOWEL.

front 6

RULES FOR USING COMBINING FORM VOWELS

back 6

1. COMBINING VOWEL IS USED WHEN THE SUFFIX BEGINS WITH A CONSONANT.
2. A COMBINING VOWEL IS NOT USED WHEN THE SUFFIX BEGINS WITH A VOWEL (A,E,I,O,U)
3. COMBINING VOWEL IS USED WHEN TWO OR MORE WORD ROOTS ARE JOINED.

front 7

MYEL/O

back 7

SPINAL CORD

front 8

MY/O

back 8

MUSCLE

front 9

OSTE/O

back 9

BONE

front 10

MYEL/O

back 10

BONE MARROW

front 11

NEUR/O

back 11

NERVE

front 12

ARTHR/O

back 12

JOINT

front 13

TONSILL/O

back 13

TONSILS

front 14

TONSILLITIS

back 14

INFLAMMATION OF THE TONSILS

front 15

-ITIS

back 15

INFLAMMATION

front 16

TONSILLECTOMY

back 16

THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE TONSILS

front 17

CARNI

back 17

SKULL

front 18

-UM

back 18

NOUN ENDING

front 19

SUFFIXES AS NOUN ENDINGS

back 19

A NOUN IS A WORD THAT IS THE NAME OF A PERSON PLACE OR THING. IN MED. TERM. SOME SUFFIXES CHANGE THE WORD ROOT INTO A NOUN.
EXAMPLE: CRANIUM IS THE PORTION OF THE SKULL THAT ENCLOSES THE BRAIN.

OTHER SUFFIXES COMPLETE THE TERM BY CHANGING THE WORD ROOT INTO A NOUN.

front 20

SUFFIXES MEANING "PERTAINING TO"

back 20

AN ADJECTIVE IS A WORD THAT DEFINES OR DESCRIBES A THING. IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY MANY SUFFIXES MEANING "PERTAINING TO" CHANGE THE WORD ROOT INTO AN ADJECTIVE.

EXAMPLE: CARDIAC- AN ADJECTIVE THAT MEANS PERTAINING TO THE HEART.

front 21

SUFFIXES MEANING ABNORMAL CONDITION

back 21

MANY SUFFIXES, SUCH AS -OSIS, MEANS "ABNORAML CONDITION OR DISEASE".

front 22

GASTROSIS

back 22

ANY DISEASE OF THE STOMACH

front 23

GASTR

back 23

MEANS STOMACH

front 24

-OSIS

back 24

ABNORMAL CONDITION OR DISEASE

front 25

CYAN/O

back 25

MEANS BLUE

front 26

ERYTHR/O

back 26

MEANS RED

front 27

LEUK/O

back 27

MEANS WHITE

front 28

MELAN/O

back 28

MEANS BLACK

front 29

POLL/O

back 29

MEANS GREY

front 30

CYANOSIS

back 30

BLUE DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN CAUSE BY A LACK OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD

front 31

ERYTHROCYTE

back 31

A MATURE RED BLOOD CELL

front 32

-CYTE

back 32

CELL

front 33

LEUKOCYTE

back 33

WHITE BLOOD CELL

front 34

MELANOSIS

back 34

ANY CONDITION OF UNUSUAL DEPOSITS OF BLACK PIGMENT IN BODY TISSUES OR ORGANS.

front 35

POLIOMYELITIS

back 35

A VIRAL INJECTION OF THE GREY MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD

front 36

PATHOLOGY

back 36

STUDY OF ALL ASPECTS OF DISEASE

front 37

PATH

back 37

MEANS DISEASE

front 38

-OLOGY

back 38

MEANS THE STUDY OF

front 39

-ALGIA

back 39

PAIN AND SUFFERING

front 40

GASTRALGIA

back 40

STOMACH ACHE

front 41

-DYNIA

back 41

ALSO MEANS PAIN, ALTHOUGH IT MEANS THE SAME AS -ALGIA IT IS NOT USED AS COMMONLY.

front 42

GASTRODYNIA

back 42

ALSO MEANS STOMACH ACHE

front 43

-ITIS

back 43

MEANS INFLAMMATION

front 44

GASTRITIS

back 44

INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH

front 45

-MALACIA

back 45

ABNORMAL SOFTENING

front 46

ARTERIOMALACIA

back 46

ABNORMAL SOFTENING OF THE WALLS OF AN ARTERY OR ARTERIES.

front 47

-MEGALY

back 47

ENLARGEMENT

front 48

HEPATOMEGALY

back 48

ABNORMAL ENLARGEMENT OF THE LIVER

front 49

HEPAT/O

back 49

MEANS LIVER

front 50

-NECROSIS

back 50

MEANS TISSUE DEATH

front 51

ARTERIONECROSIS

back 51

TISSUE DEATH OF A ARTERY OR ARTERIES

front 52

-SCLEROSIS

back 52

ABNORMAL HARDENING

front 53

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

back 53

ABNORMAL HARDENING OF AN ARTERY OR ARTERIES

front 54

-STENOSIS

back 54

ABNORMAL NARROWING

front 55

ARTERIOSTENOSIS

back 55

ABNORMAL NARROWING OF AN ARTERY OR ARTERIES

front 56

-CENTESIS

back 56

SURGICAL PUNCTURE TO REMOVE FLUID FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES OR TO REMOVE EXCESS FLUID

front 57

ABDOMINOCENTESIS

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SURGICAL PUNCTURE OF THE OF THE ADBOMINAL CAVITY TO REMOVE FLUID

front 58

-GRAPHY

back 58

MEANS THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING A PICTURE OR RECORD

front 59

ANGIOGRAPHY

back 59

PROCESS OF PRODUCING A RADIOGRAPHIC (X-RAY) STUDY OF THE BLOOD VESSELS AFTER THE INJECTION OF A CONTRAST MEDIUM TO MAKE THESE BLOOD VESSELS VISIBLE

front 60

-GRAM

back 60

PICTURE OR RECORD

front 61

ANGIOGRAM

back 61

FILM PRODUCED BY ANGIOGRAPHY

front 62

ANGI/O

back 62

BLOOD VESSEL

front 63

-PLASTY

back 63

SURGICAL REPAIR

front 64

MYOPLASTY

back 64

SURGICAL REPAIR OF A MUSCLE

front 65

-SCOPY

back 65

VISUAL EXAMINATION

front 66

ARTHROSCOPY

back 66

THE VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF A JOINT

front 67

-RRHAGE AND -RRHAGIA

back 67

MEANS BLEEDING, HOWEVER THEY ARE MOST OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE SUDDEN, SEVERE BLEEDING

front 68

HEMORRAGE

back 68

LOSS OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF BLOOD IN A SHORT TIME

front 69

-RRHAPHY

back 69

SURGICAL SUTURING TO CLOSE A WOUND AND INCLUDES THE USE OF SUTURES, STAPLES, OR SURGICAL GLUE.

front 70

MYORRHAPHY

back 70

SURGICAL SUTURING OF A MUSCLE WOUND

front 71

-RRHEA

back 71

MEANS FLOW OR DISCHARGE AND REFERS TO THE FLOW OF MOST BODY FLUIDS

front 72

DIARRHEA

back 72

IS THE FREQUENT FLOW OR LOOSE OR WATERY STOOLS

front 73

DIA-

back 73

MEANS THROUGH

front 74

-RRHEXIS

back 74

RUPTURE

front 75

MYORRHEXIS

back 75

RUPTURE OF A MUSCLE

front 76

NATAL

back 76

MEANS PERTAINING TO BIRTH

front 77

NAT

back 77

MEANS BIRTH

front 78

PRENATAL

back 78

MEANS THE TIME AND EVENTS BEFORE BIRTH

front 79

PRE-

back 79

MEANS BEFORE

front 80

PERINATAL

back 80

REFERS TO THE TIME AND EVENTS SURROUNDING BIRTH, THIS IS THE TIME JUST BEFORE, DURING, AND JUST AFTER BITH.

front 81

PERI-

back 81

MEANS SURROUNDING

front 82

POSTNATAL

back 82

REFERS TO THE TIME AND EVENTS AFTER BIRTH

front 83

POST-

back 83

MEANS AFTER

front 84

AB-

back 84

MEANS AWAY

front 85

DYS-

back 85

MEANS BAD, DIFFICULT, OR PAINFUL

front 86

HYPER-

back 86

MEANS EXCESSIVE OR INCREASED

front 87

INTER-

back 87

MEANS BETWEEN OR AMONG

front 88

SUB-

back 88

MEANS UNDER, LESS, OR BELOW

front 89

AD-

back 89

MEANS TOWARD OR IN THE FIRECTION OF

front 90

EU-

back 90

MEANS GOOD, NORMAL, WELL, OR EASY

front 91

HYPO-

back 91

MEANS DEFICIENT OR DECREASED

front 92

INTRA-

back 92

MEANS WITHIN OR INSIDE

front 93

SUPER-, SUPRA-

back 93

MEANS ABOVE OR EXCESSIVE

front 94

ABNORMAL

back 94

MEANS NOT NORMAL OR AWAY FROM NORMAL

front 95

DYSFUNCTIONAL

back 95

MEANS AN ORGAN OR BODY PART THAT IS NOT WORKING PROPERLY.

front 96

HYPERTENSION

back 96

IS HIGHER THAN NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE

front 97

INTERSTITIAL

back 97

MEANS BETWEEN, BOT NOT WITHIN, THAT PARTS OF A TISSUE

front 98

SUBCOSTAL

back 98

MEANS BLOW A RIB OR RIBS

front 99

ADDICTION

back 99

MEANS DRAWN TOWARD OR A STRONG DEPENDENCE ON A DRUG OR SUBSTANCE

front 100

EUTHYROID

back 100

A NORMALLY FUNCTIONING THYROID GLAND

front 101

HYPOTENSION

back 101

IS A LOWER THAN NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE

front 102

INTRAMUSCULAR

back 102

MEANS WITHIN THE MUSCLE

front 103

SUPRACOSTAL

back 103

MEANS ABOVE OR OUTSIDE THE RIBS

front 104

LARYNG

back 104

MEANS LARYN AND THROAT

front 105

RHIN/O

back 105

MEANS NOSE

front 106

OT/O

back 106

EAR

front 107

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

back 107

THE STUDY OF THE EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT

front 108

TAKING TERMS APART

back 108

1. ALWAYS START AT THE END OF THE WORD, WITH THE SUFFIX, AND WORK TOWARD THE BEGINNING