front 1 list 4 organelles of the cell: | back 1 nucleus, cell membrane, centrioles, cytoskeleton |
front 2 What is diffusion and osmosis? | back 2 molecules in a gas or liquid that move about randomly. the molecules collide with each other causing them to change direction. osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
front 3 Why can oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through the plasma membrane of a cell? | back 3 they can diffuse right through the lipid bilayer. they dissolve into the lipid bilayer, passing through like a ghost.they are called lipid-soluble molecules. |
front 4 Gated channels are especially important in regulating the transport of what across a plasma membrane? | back 4 ions. which are, sodium, potassium, and calcium. |
front 5 What does active transport require and in the presence of what? | back 5 it requires energy. active transport moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. |
front 6 To move solutes like amino acids into a cell by active transport, the cell must do what? | back 6 expand energy. |
front 7 What is endocytosis? | back 7 involves a membranous vesicle to move larger substances through the cell. it in moving those materials INTO the cell. there are three types, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. |
front 8 Know what the sodium-potassium pump does. | back 8 it maintains the cells volume. it expels unwanted ions and keeps the needed ones. |
front 9 Know what an isotonic solution is? | back 9 its when the extracellular and intracellular ionic concentrations are equal to maintain your cells. (9 grams of salt in one liter of solution) |
front 10 In the cell, proteins that are synthesized for immediate use by the cell are normally produced where? | back 10 on free flowing ribosomes. |
front 11 Which organelles produce proteins? | back 11 rough endoplasmic reticulum |
front 12 What do lysosomes become after they have completed the digestion of cell parts? | back 12 residual bodies |
front 13 The enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down what? | back 13 toxic waste like hydrogen peroxide. they also destroy compounds that enter the cell like alcohol |
front 14 To increase the surface area of some cells, the plasma membrane possesses what? | back 14 proteins |
front 15 Muscle cells store energy in the form of what until it is used for the production of ATP? | back 15 of fat |
front 16 What is metabolism in regards to the catabolic pathways. | back 16 metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical reactions in the organism. some of these chemical reactions are organized as metabolic pathways. (in patterns) |
front 17 What is anabolic and catabolic pathways? | back 17 a specific type of metabolic pathway that forms a cycle in which substarte molecules enter and product molecules exit, this repeats the chemical cycle over and over again. they are two basic types of metabolic pathways. the anabolic pathway-, molecules are assembled into larger molecules that contain more energy. (throwing up) the catabolic pathway -larger molecules are broken down and releases energy.(throwing down. ex: the assembly of a protein from many amino acids is an anabolic pathway ex: the breakdown of glucose into water, carbon dioxide and energy is a catobolic pathway. |
front 18 Cellular respiration is essential to eukaryotic cells because? | back 18 it removes electrons and hydrogen ions |
front 19 Which stage in the catabolism of glucose involves the splitting of glucose into two three-carbon molecules? | back 19 glycolysis stage. |
front 20 Where in a typical human cell does glycolysis occur? | back 20 within the cells cytoplasm. |
front 21 The two-carbon molecule acetyl is completely broken apart into carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and electrons in which process? | back 21 the preparatory step. |
front 22 At the end of the electron transport system, oxygen combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form what? | back 22 ATP |
front 23 In the electron transport system, the energy used to synthesize ATP comes from the diffusion of what from the mitochondria? | back 23 hydrogen ions. |
front 24 What is used first by cells as an energy source immediately after a meal? | back 24 natural sugars (glucose) |
front 25 Burning sensation associated with muscle fatigue is due to the accumulation of what? | back 25 Lactic Acid. |
front 26 The process by which embryonic cells go through functional and structural changes to become specialized is? | back 26 a process called differentiation |
front 27 What step in the breakdown of glucose can occur without oxygen? | back 27 glycolysis |
front 28 How does DNA differ from RNA? | back 28 DNA contains deoxyribose |