| back 1 - the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and
continues through the human life span
|
| back 2 - the average number of years that a person born in a particular
year can expect to live
|
| back 3 - views development as lifelong, multidimensional,
multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as
a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of
loss
|
| |
front 5 3 Types of Contextual Influences | back 5 - Normative Age-Graded
- Normative History-Graded
- Nonnormative Life Events
|
front 6 Normative Age-Graded Influence | back 6 - similar for individuals in a particular group
-
Ex: menopause, puberty, commencement of
education
|
front 7 Normative History-Graded Influence | back 7 - common to people of a particular generation because of
historical circumstances
-
Ex:
assassination of JFK and the great depression
|
| back 8 - unusual occurrences that have a major impact on a individuals
life
-
Ex: pregnancy at a very young age or winning the
lottery
|
| back 9 - behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group
of people that are passed on from generation to generation
|
| back 10 - comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures
- provides information about the degree to which development is
similar, or universal, across cultures.
|
| back 11 - a characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality
characteristics, race, religion, and language
|
front 12 Socioeconomic Status (SES) | back 12 - grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and
economic characteristics
|
| back 13 - Characteristics of people as males or females
|
| back 14 - national government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens
-
Ex: values, economics, and politics
|
| back 15 - changes in an individual's physical nature
-
Ex: genes from parents, the development of the
brain, height, and weight, nutrition, exercise, and hormonal
changes
|
| back 16 - changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and
language
|
| back 17 - changes in an individual's relationships with others, emotions,
and personality
|
| back 18 - conception to birth
- involves tremendous growth from a
single cell to an organism with brain and behavioral
capabilities
|
| back 19 - the development period from birth to 18 or 24 months
- extremely dependent on adults
- psychological activities
are just beginning
|
| back 20 - the developmental period from about 3 through 5 years
- sometimes called preschool years
- develop school
readiness skills
|
front 21 Middle and Late Childhood | back 21 - the developmental period from about 6 to 10 years
|
| back 22 - the developmental period of transition from childhood to early
adulthood
- approx. 10 to 18 years
- rapid physical
change
|
| back 23 - the developmental period that begins in the early 20s and lasts
to through the 30s
- time of establishing personal and
economic independence
|
| back 24 - the developmental period from approx. 40 to about 60 years of
age
|
| back 25 - the developmental period that begins in the 60s and lasts until
death
- time of life review and retirement
|
front 26 Four Ages According to Life Span Developmentalists | back 26 - first age
- second age
- third age
- fourth age
|
| |
| back 28 - prime adulthood
- ages 20 through 39
|
| back 29 - approx. 60 through 79 years of age
|
| back 30 - approx. 80 years and older
|
| back 31 - the number of years that have elapsed since birth
|
| back 32 - a person's age in terms of biological health
|
| back 33 - an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of
other individuals of the same chronological age
|
| back 34 - connectedness with others and the social roles individuals
adopt
|
| back 35 - debate about whether development is primarily influenced by
nature or nurture
|
| back 36 - refers to an organism's biological inheritance
|
| back 37 - refers to environmental experiences
|
| back 38 - involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics
persist through life or change
|
| back 39 - debate about the extent to which development involves gradual
cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages
(discontinuity)
|
| back 40 - an approach that can be used to obtain accurate information. It
includes the following steps:
- conceptualize the
problem
- collect data
- draw conclusions
- revise research conclusions and theory
|
| back 41 - an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain
phenomena and facilitate predictions
|
| back 42 - specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to
determine their accuracy
|
| back 43 - psychoanalytic theories
- cognitive theories
- behavioral theories
- ethological theory
- ecological theory
- an eclectic theoretical
orientation
|
| back 44 - describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond
awareness) and heavily colored by emotion
behavior is merely a a surface for characteristics |
| back 45 - A controlled setting where many of the complex factors of the
"real world" are absent
|
| back 46 - observing behavior in real-world settings, making no effort to
manipulate or control the situation
|
| back 47 - a test with uniform procedures for administration and
scoring
- allows a person performance to be compared with
performance of other individuals
|
| back 48 - an in depth look at a single individual
|
| back 49 - studies designed to observe and record behavior
|
| back 50 - studies in which the goal is to describe the strength of the
relationship between two or more events or characteristics
|
| back 51 - a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the
factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are
manipulated while other factors are held constant
|
| back 52 - a manipulated, influential, experimental factor
- is the
potential cause
|
| back 53 - a factor that can change in an experiment, in response to
changes in the independent variable
|
| back 54 - a group whose experience is manipulated
|
| back 55 - a comparison group that is as similar to the experimental group
as possible
|
| back 56 - a research strategy in which individuals of different ages are
compared at one time
|
| back 57 - a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied
over a period of time, usually several years or more
|
| back 58 - effects due to a person's time of birth, era, or generation
rather than the person's actual age
|
front 59 Conducting Ethical Research | back 59 - informed consent
- confidentiality
- debriefing
- deception
|
| back 60 - All participants must know what their research participation
will involve and what risks might develop
|
| back 61 - researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they
gather on individuals completely confidential
|
| back 62 - participants should be informed of the study's purpose and
methods that were used
|
