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Viewing:

The Urinary System

front 1

Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 1

E

front 2

Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel that branches from the abdominal aorta
carrying oxygenated blood to the kidney.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 2

C

front 3

Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessels that delineate the cortex from the medulla.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 3

B

front 4

Identify the letter that indicates an expanded portion of the ureter.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 4

D

front 5

Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 5

A

front 6

Identify the letter that indicates the afferent arteriole.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 6

D

front 7

Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 7

E

front 8

Identify the letter that indicates the glomerulus.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 8

B

front 9

Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 9

A

front 10

Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 10

C

front 11

Identify the letter that indicates the parietal layer of glomerular capsule.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 11

D

front 12

Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 12

E

front 13

Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 13

A

front 14

Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 14

C

front 15

Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels covered by podocytes.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 15

C

front 16

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.
A) arcuate arteries
B) cortical radiate arteries
C) glomerulus
D) afferent arterioles
E) peritubular capillaries

back 16

B

front 17

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.
A) cortex
B) hilum
C) renal corpuscle
D) renal capsule
E) sinus

back 17

B

front 18

A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels,
and nerves.
A) sinus
B) convoluted tubules
C) renal corpuscle
D) renal pyramids
E) cortical columns

back 18

A

front 19

Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids.
A) major calyx
B) minor calyx
C) renal sinus
D) renal pelvis
E) cortical columns

back 19

B

front 20

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.
A) sinusoidal
B) trabecular
C) medullary
D) cortical
E) extrinsic

back 20

D

front 21

Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate.
A) vasa recta
B) collecting duct
C) macula densa
D) mesangial
E) extraglomerular

back 21

C

front 22

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.
A) retroperitoneal
B) intraperitoneal
C) extraabdominal
D) supraperitoneal
E) subcapsular

back 22

A

front 23

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder.
A) cremaster
B) detrusor
C) diaphragm
D) vesicular
E) dartos

back 23

B

front 24

Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla.
A) vasa vasorum
B) peritubular capillaries
C) cortical radiate
D) vasa recta
E) interlobular

back 24

D

front 25

Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation.
A) afferent arteriole
B) efferent arteriole
C) segmental artery
D) macula densa
E) extraglomerular mesangial

back 25

A

front 26

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?
A) urea
B) glucose
C) uric acid
D) creatinine

back 26

B

front 27

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little
openings you would see on its surface are
A) minor calyces.
B) renal sinuses.
C) openings of papillary ducts.
D) glomeruli.

back 27

C

front 28

Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the
A) fibrous capsule.
B) lateral convex surface.
C) inferior surface.
D) medial hilum.

back 28

D

front 29

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the
A) cortex.
B) medulla.
C) renal pyramids.
D) renal papilla.

back 29

A

front 30

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 99%

back 30

A

front 31

Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial?
A) fibrous capsule
B) pararenal fat
C) perirenal fat
D) renal fascia

back 31

B

front 32

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the
A) renal sinus.
B) renal pelvis.
C) renal cortex.
D) renal pyramids.

back 32

B

front 33

Infection of the renal pelvic and calyces is known as
A) nephritis.
B) cystitis.
C) hydronephritis.
D) pyelitis.

back 33

D

front 34

Which vessels lie within the renal columns?
A) arcuate arteries
B) cortical radiate arteries
C) interlobar arteries
D) segmental arteries

back 34

C

front 35

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?
A) basement membrane
B) capillary endothelium
C) filtration slit diaphragm
D) granular cells

back 35

D

front 36

Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the
kidney?
A) filtration
B) secretion
C) evaporation
D) resorption

back 36

C

front 37

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?
A) the glomerulus
B) the nephron loop
C) glomerular capsule
D) podocytes

back 37

B

front 38

The only embryonic kidney that survives into adulthood is the
A) pronephros.
B) mesonephros.
C) metanephros.
D) paranephros.

back 38

C

front 39

The function of the collecting duct is to
A) contract its muscular walls to expel urine from the cortex.
B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.
C) drain blood from the kidney and deliver it to the renal vein.
D) transport resorbed water back into the cardiovascular system.

back 39

B

front 40

The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity.
A) abdominal
B) pelvic
C) thoracic
D) cranial

back 40

A

front 41

The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the
A) ureteric orifice.
B) urachus opening.
C) internal urethral orifice.
D) detrusor.

back 41

C

front 42

Renin is produced in
A) the glomerulus.
B) the renal medulla.
C) the granular cells.
D) glomerular capsules.

back 42

C

front 43

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)
A) act to increase the surface area for absorption.
B) thicken the bladder wall so that it does not burst.
C) are not present in life, only in cadavers.
D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the
bladder fills.

back 43

D

front 44

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?
A) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one.
B) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue.
C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.
D) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas
in females it is part of the urinary system only.

back 44

C

front 45

Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic
hyperplasia?
A) urge incontinence
B) overflow incontinence
C) urinary retention
D) stress incontinence

back 45

C

front 46

Which of the following would not inhibit micturition?
A) stimulation of the somatic motor neurons to the external urethral sphincter
B) activation of the sympathetic pathways
C) relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter
D) relaxation of the detrusor muscles

back 46

C

front 47

Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?
A) ascending limb of the nephron loop
B) descending limb of the nephron loop
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) proximal convoluted tubule

back 47

B

front 48

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal
convoluted tubules is that
A) the former only secretes, the latter only filters.
B) one lies in the renal cortex, the other in the medulla.
C) only one has a folded basolateral membrane containing enzymes for ion transport.
D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal
tubule cells.

back 48

D

front 49

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney
is that
A) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles.
B) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules.
C) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in
resorption.
D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

back 49

D

front 50

From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) all three layers

back 50

B

front 51

Which of the following is not usually associated with the formation of renal calculi?
A) increased intake of calcium
B) polyurea
C) dehydration
D) bacterial infection

back 51

B

front 52

The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein.
A) is shorter than
B) is the same length as
C) is longer than
D) carries less blood than

back 52

C

front 53

Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?
A) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.
B) The ureters attach to the bladder through oblique posterolateral orifices.
C) Two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice bound the trigone of the bladder.
D) When empty, the bladder lies inferior to the abdominal cavity.

back 53

A

front 54

Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall,
the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra?
A) T11 or T12
B) L1 or L2
C) L4
D) T8

back 54

B

front 55

Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?
A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons
B) cortical radiate arteries
C) peritubular capillaries
D) proximal convoluted tubules

back 55

A

front 56

The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and
secretion is the
A) glomerular capsule (podocytes).
B) proximal tubule.
C) thin segment.
D) distal tubule.

back 56

B

front 57

The layer of podocytes is the same as the
A) parietal layer.
B) glomerulus.
C) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.
D) capsular space.

back 57

C

front 58

Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is
A) simple squamous.
B) pseudostratified columnar.
C) stratified squamous.
D) stratified columnar.

back 58

A

front 59

Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false?
A) It is a thickening of the detrusor muscle.
B) It is located superior to the prostatic urethra in males.
C) It is not consciously controlled.
D) It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

back 59

D

front 60

Pyelography is
A) kinking of the ureter.
B) a type of X-ray procedure (radiology).
C) a way to cure kidney stones.
D) failure of the embryonic kidney to ascend.

back 60

B

front 61

Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are
A) segmental arteries.
B) arcuate arteries.
C) cortical radiate arteries.
D) interlobar arteries.

back 61

C

front 62

Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?
A) cortical radiate arteries
B) minor calyces
C) renal corpuscles
D) renal papillae

back 62

C

front 63

The embryonic urogenital sinus
A) derives from the cloaca.
B) gives rise to the anus.
C) gives rise to the rectum.
D) gives rise to the ureters.

back 63

A

front 64

The ureters develop from
A) the cloaca.
B) the urogenital sinus.
C) pronephric nephrons.
D) a duct that branches from the mesonephric duct.

back 64

D

front 65

The external urethral sphincter is located
A) at the external urethral orifice.
B) at the junction of the bladder wall and urethra.
C) at the ureteral orifice.
D) at the urogenital diaphragm.

back 65

D

front 66

The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is
A) horseshoe kidney.
B) polycystic renal disease.
C) hydronephrosis.
D) pelvic kidney.

back 66

D

front 67

During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but
found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His
observation necessarily means that
A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.
B) the ureters and urethra are really the same tube.
C) each ureter must have four distinct openings into the bladder.
D) this bladder had a congenital defect.

back 67

A

front 68

The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the
A) renal corpuscle and distal tubule.
B) proximal and distal tubules.
C) thin segment and glomerular capsule.
D) vasa recta and collecting tubules.

back 68

B

front 69

In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by
A) sphincter neurons from the brain.
B) sympathetic fibers.
C) parasympathetic fibers.
D) visceral sensory fibers from the vagus.

back 69

C

front 70

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the
A) terminal nephron loop.
B) glomerulus.
C) efferent arteriole.
D) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes).

back 70

A

front 71

Another name for the neck of the bladder is the
A) superior surface.
B) anterior angle.
C) inferior angle.
D) trigone.

back 71

C

front 72

The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the
A) prostatic.
B) membranous.
C) spongy urethra.
D) neck.

back 72

C

front 73

Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?
A) renal vessels
B) renal ligaments
C) renal fascia
D) the diaphragm, through its muscle tone

back 73

C

front 74

The micturition center is located in the
A) cerebellum.
B) detrusor muscle layer of the bladder wall.
C) pons of the brain stem.
D) sacral spinal cord.

back 74

C

front 75

Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that
A) they are much less abundant.
B) they produce urine, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons do not.
C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.
D) they do not have a proximal convoluted tubule.

back 75

C

front 76

When Melinda was asked to identify a "mystery" slide on a histology test, she immediately
identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered
A) renal corpuscles.
B) thin segments.
C) renal papillae.
D) vasa recta.

back 76

A

front 77

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal
medulla?
A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting duct

back 77

D

front 78

Urine passes through the
A) kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter.
B) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.
C) glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron.
D) hilus to the urethra to the bladder.

back 78

B

front 79

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to
A) a decrease in the production of ADH.
B) an increase in the production of ADH.
C) a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma.
D) the presence of a salty urine in the bladder.

back 79

B

front 80

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is
A) stratified squamous.
B) transitional.
C) simple squamous.
D) pseudostratified columnar.

back 80

B

front 81

Which gland sits atop each kidney?
A) pancreas
B) pituitary
C) adrenal
D) interlobar gland

back 81

C

front 82

The glomerular capsule and the glomerular capillaries together make up the renal corpuscle.

A) True

B) False

back 82

A

front 83

Urine flows from the kidney to the bladder by gravity and peristalsis.

A) True

B) False

back 83

A

front 84

The epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule have an abundance of absorptive microvilli.

A) True

B) False

back 84

B

front 85

The descending thin limb of the nephron loop consists of a simple squamous epithelium.

A) True

B) False

back 85

A

front 86

In females, the urinary bladder lies anterior to the vagina and uterus.

A) True

B) False

back 86

A

front 87

The location and length of the urethra are two factors that contribute to the high incidence of
urinary tract infections in women.

A) True

B) False

back 87

A

front 88

The urinary bladder, when empty, lies within both the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

A) True

B) False

back 88

B

front 89

A network of peritubular capillaries surrounds the convoluted tubules and nephron loop for
the purpose of filtration.

A) True

B) False

back 89

B

front 90

The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is under involuntary
control.

A) True

B) False

back 90

A

front 91

The kidneys are located just below lumbar vertebrae L2 and L3.

A) True

B) False

back 91

B

front 92

The correct sequence of arterial blood flow is the renal artery to the segmental arteries to the
interlobar arteries.

A) True

B) False

back 92

A

front 93

Venous structures of the kidney mirror those of the arterial circuit, except for the absence of
segmental veins.

A) True

B) False

back 93

A

front 94

Urine drains from the kidney in the following sequence: from the collecting duct to the minor
calyx to the major calyx to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter.

A) True

B) False

back 94

A

front 95

The ureters enter the bladder obliquely at the anterolateral corners.

A) True

B) False

back 95

B

front 96

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons can be distinguished by the absence of a vasa recta in
the cortical nephrons.

A) True

B) False

back 96

A