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86 notecards = 22 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

The Respiratory System

front 1

Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying
inspired air.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 1

A

front 2

Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that serves as a common passageway for food
and air.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 2

D

front 3

Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep
it from collapsing.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 3

E

front 4

Identify the letter that indicates the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 4

B

front 5

Identify the letter that indicates the uvula.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 5

C

front 6

Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust,
bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 6

C

front 7

Identify the letter that indicates the fibromusculocartilaginous layer with hyaline cartilaginous
rings that allow the trachea to bend and elongate but not collapse.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 7

D

front 8

Identify the letter that indicates the trachealis muscle.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 8

B

front 9

Identify the letter that indicates the soft wall of the trachea allows the esophagus to expand
anteriorly.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 9

B

front 10

Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 10

A

front 11

Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also
known as the "Adam's apple."
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 11

D

front 12

Identify the letter that indicates the vocal fold, or true vocal cord.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 12

E

front 13

Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that folds over the opening of the larynx — the
glottis. The function of this cartilage is to prevent aspiration of foods and liquids into the lower
respiratory tubes.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 13

B

front 14

Identify the letter that indicates the vestibular fold, or false vocal cord.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 14

C

front 15

Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords posteriorly.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 15

A

front 16

Anatomical region of the nasal cavity containing nose hairs.
A) nasal septum
B) olfactory mucosa
C) nasal conchae
D) vestibule
E) uvula

back 16

D

front 17

The smallest airway of the bronchial tree that is primarily responsible for creating
bronchoconstriction.
A) primary bronchi
B) bronchiopulmonary segment
C) lobe of lung
D) bronchiole
E) alveoli sac

back 17

D

front 18

Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) alveolar macrophages
D) endothelial cells
E) pseudostratiied columnar epithelial cells

back 18

A

front 19

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.
A) visceral pleura
B) parietal pleura
C) mucous membrane
D) parietal pericardium
E) visceral pericardium

back 19

B

front 20

The region of the lung served by secondary, or lobar, bronchi.
A) bronchopulmonary segment
B) lobe
C) lobule
D) lingular
E) cardiac notch

back 20

B

front 21

Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.
A) serous fluid
B) pleural fluid
C) surfactant
D) lysozyme
E) mucin

back 21

C

front 22

These are peripheral chemoreceptors that monitor changes in respiratory gasses and blood
acidity levels.
A) ventral respiratory center
B) vagus nerve
C) reticular activating system
D) carotid bodies
E) medulla oblongata

back 22

D

front 23

The medial opening between the vocal folds through which air passes.
A) glottis
B) vestibule
C) rima glottidis
D) thyrohyoid membrane
E) cricothyroid ligament

back 23

C

front 24

Specific location within the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
A) terminal bronchioles
B) carina
C) bronchopulmonary segments
D) alveoli
E) respiratory membrane

back 24

E

front 25

Fissure separating the upper and middle lobes of the right lung.
A) horizontal
B) oblique
C) carina
D) superior
E) inferior

back 25

A

front 26

The superior and middle nasal conchae are bony projections from the
A) vomer.
B) ethmoid bone.
C) sphenoid bone.
D) maxillary bone.

back 26

B

front 27

Which cells produce surfactant?
A) type I cells
B) type II cells
C) alveolar macrophages
D) chondrocytes

back 27

B

front 28

Which part of the nose is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue?
A) the apex
B) the border where the nostril attaches to the maxilla
C) the nasal septum
D) the surface connecting to the nasal bones

back 28

B

front 29

The rubbing together of inflamed pleural membranes that produces a stabbing pain in the
chest is called
A) influenza.
B) tuberculosis.
C) rhinitis.
D) pleurisy.

back 29

D

front 30

Which structure is not located within the nasopharynx?
A) opening of the pharyngotympanic tube
B) palatine tonsil
C) pharyngeal tonsil
D) tubal tonsil

back 30

B

front 31

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal conchae?
A) They deflect particulates to the mucosa.
B) They help warm the air.
C) They decrease the turbulence in the flow of air through the nasal cavity.
D) They moisten the air.

back 31

C

front 32

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside
the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.
A) decreases; rises; into
B) increases; drops; into
C) decreases; drops; out of
D) increases; drops; out of

back 32

B

front 33

In lung cancer, the cancer cells usually arise from
A) the smooth muscle fibers around the bronchioles.
B) the epithelium lining a large bronchus.
C) the alveoli.
D) lymph nodes in the lung.

back 33

B

front 34

Vibrissae are
A) specialized cells in the larynx that react to vibrations of air.
B) large hairlike projections on epithelial cells that line the trachea.
C) nose hairs.
D) the sensory organs of the inner ear.

back 34

C

front 35

Which muscle contracts during forced expiration?
A) internal oblique
B) serratus anterior
C) sternocleidomastoid
D) pectoralis major

back 35

A

front 36

The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the
A) medulla oblongata.
B) limbic system.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cerebrum.

back 36

A

front 37

Sympathetic stimulation of terminal bronchioles causes
A) bronchoconstriction.
B) a decrease in blood supply to the bronchioles.
C) bronchodilation.
D) secretion of less surfactant.

back 37

C

front 38

The left lung
A) has three lobes.
B) is supplied entirely by a secondary bronchus.
C) receives oxygenated blood from the heart via the left pulmonary artery.
D) has a cardiac notch.

back 38

D

front 39

Which portion of the nasal cavity is lined with sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous
hair follicles?
A) hard and soft palate
B) nasal conchae
C) roof (ceiling)
D) vestibule

back 39

D

front 40

The detergent-like molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths is called
A) bile.
B) hemoglobin.
C) surfactant.
D) oxygen.

back 40

C

front 41

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the
A) oval window.
B) internal acoustic meatus.
C) mastoid sinus.
D) pharyngotympanic tube.

back 41

D

front 42

Of the three different layers of tissue in the wall of the trachea, the outermost layer is the
A) adventitia.
B) lamina propria.
C) submucosa.
D) muscularis.

back 42

A

front 43

What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?
A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium

back 43

A

front 44

Some bronchi have names such as the "right upper-lobe bronchus," "left lower-lobe
bronchus," and "right middle-lobe bronchus." These are ________ bronchi.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) very small (about fifteenth-order)

back 44

B

front 45

The correct definition of bronchopulmonary segments is
A) arbitrary subdivisions of a lung, about as large as a fist (0.3 liter).
B) parts of the lung that are easy to remove during surgery.
C) parts of the lungs that are separated by the oblique and horizontal fissures.
D) parts of the lung that are supplied by a single tertiary bronchus (and its branches).

back 45

D

front 46

The ________ flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.
A) uvula
B) epiglottis
C) palate
D) vocal fold

back 46

B

front 47

The respiratory mucosa is present throughout each of the following areas except the
A) bronchi.
B) nasal cavity.
C) nasopharynx.
D) superior laryngopharynx.

back 47

D

front 48

Most foreign substances in inspired air fail to reach the lungs because of the
A) ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respiratory passages.
B) abundant blood supply to the nasal mucosa.
C) porous structure of the nasal conchae.
D) action of the epiglottis.

back 48

A

front 49

The ability to vary the pitch of the voice results from varying
A) the force of air passing over the vocal folds.
B) the tension in the vocal folds.
C) the size of the laryngeal cartilages.
D) the shape of the cricoid cartilage.

back 49

B

front 50

In the wall of the trachea and bronchi, the cartilage rings lie within which tissue layer?
A) inner epithelium
B) mucosa
C) submucosa
D) fibromusculocartilaginous layer

back 50

D

front 51

The aortic bodies
A) sense the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
B) give rise to the pulmonary arteries.
C) are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
D) are in the hilum of the lung.

back 51

A

front 52

Of the following, which is the only organ that is not an upper respiratory structure? (Hint:
Recall Figure 22.3.)
A) larynx
B) oropharynx
C) vestibule of the nose
D) nasal cavity

back 52

A

front 53

An aortic aneurysm that presses on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve could lead to
A) paralysis of the diaphragm.
B) hoarse speech.
C) complete loss of speech.
D) inability of the carotid sinus to monitor blood gases.

back 53

B

front 54

The main function of the elaborate venous plexus in the nasal mucosa is
A) diapedesis of leukocytes.
B) to replace vessels broken in nose bleeds.
C) to supply extra blood to the brain and supplement the dural sinuses.
D) to warm blood and moisten inhaled air.

back 54

D

front 55

The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the
A) arytenoid cartilage.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.

back 55

A

front 56

The trachealis muscle
A) constricts the trachea.
B) controls the length and tension of the vocal cords.
C) initiates the cough reflex.
D) raises the larynx when swallowing.

back 56

A

front 57

The pharyngeal tonsil is
A) scattered throughout the pharynx.
B) in the fauces.
C) the largest tonsil.
D) synonymous with the adenoids in the roof of the nasopharynx.

back 57

D

front 58

Embryologically, the nasal cavity develops from
A) invagination of the ectoderm of the olfactory placode.
B) the nasopharynx.
C) a cranial extension of the mouth.
D) the early precursor of the paranasal sinuses.

back 58

A

front 59

Supportive cartilage disappears from the bronchial tree at the level of the
A) alveolar duct.
B) bronchioles.
C) lobar bronchi.
D) respiratory bronchiole.

back 59

B

front 60

The lobes of a lung are easy to recognize and distinguish from one another because
A) they all have slightly different colors.
B) they are separated by fissures.
C) each is supplied by a primary bronchus, and the primary bronchi are easy to find.
D) carbon from the air accumulates between and outlines the lobes in most people (even if they
breathe almost-unpolluted air).

back 60

B

front 61

Alveolar pores
A) allow gases to transfer from the alveoli to the blood.
B) allow pleural fluid to enter the alveoli and keep their walls from sticking together.
C) are the openings between the alveolar duct and the alveolus.
D) equalize air pressure throughout the lung.

back 61

D

front 62

The space between the right and left vocal folds is called the
A) laryngeal inlet.
B) cricoid.
C) vestibule.
D) rima glottidis.

back 62

D

front 63

Which structure does not enter or exit from the hilum of a lung?
A) bronchial vein
B) phrenic nerve
C) pulmonary artery
D) pulmonary plexus

back 63

B

front 64

Which structure is both a lower respiratory structure and in the conducting zone? (Hint:
Recall Figure 22.3.)
A) the laryngopharynx
B) a respiratory bronchiole
C) any bronchus
D) an alveolus

back 64

C

front 65

In a runner who is breathing heavily during a race, the rima glottidis is
A) half closed.
B) half open.
C) open as far as possible.
D) all the way closed.

back 65

C

front 66

It is easy to see on the outer surface of a smoker's lung hexagons approximately the size of
the tip of a little finger and clearly outlined by black lines of carbon. These structures are
A) lobes.
B) bronchopulmonary segments.
C) lobules.
D) bronchioles.

back 66

C

front 67

Which muscle is used for both quiet inspiration and forced expiration?
A) external intercostals
B) internal intercostals
C) latissimus dorsi
D) scalenes

back 67

B

front 68

Which of the following changes does not occur as the conducting tubes of the respiratory tree
become smaller?
A) Cartilage rings are replaced by irregular plates of cartilage.
B) The lining epithelium thins.
C) Elastin in the walls disappears.
D) Cartilage disappears in the bronchioles.

back 68

C

front 69

The ventral respiratory group (VRG) is a group of neurons located within the
A) forebrain.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) midbrain.
D) pons.

back 69

B

front 70

In a preserved cadaver, the first rib is likely to form a groove on which surface of the lung?
A) basal
B) mediastinal
C) inferior costal
D) apical (apex)

back 70

D

front 71

The lungs are located in the
A) mediastinum.
B) abdominopelvic cavity.
C) thoracic cavity.
D) pleura.

back 71

C

front 72

The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are all located within the lungs.

A) True

B) False

back 72

B

front 73

Changes in the size of the thoracic cavity bring about inspiration and expiration.

A) True

B) False

back 73

A

front 74

Type II alveolar cells produce pleural fluid to keep the walls of the alveoli from collapsing or
adhering together.

A) True

B) False

back 74

B

front 75

Gas exchange occurs across the bronchi and bronchioles.

A) True

B) False

back 75

B

front 76

The left lung has both a horizontal fissure and oblique fissure.

A) True

B) False

back 76

B

front 77

The pleural cavities extend two ribs below the inferior border of the lungs.

A) True

B) False

back 77

A

front 78

The external intercostal muscles are involved in active inspiration.

A) True

B) False

back 78

A

front 79

The groove through which air passes between nasal conchae is called a choanae.

A) True

B) False

back 79

B

front 80

The respiratory zone begins at the large bronchioles.

A) True

B) False

back 80

B

front 81

The only laryngeal cartilage to form a complete ring is the cuneiform.

A) True

B) False

back 81

B

front 82

When the diaphragm contracts, it raises the floor of the thoracic cavity upward.

A) True

B) False

back 82

B

front 83

The scalene muscles are involved in deep inspiration.

A) True

B) False

back 83

A

front 84

The number of secondary, or lobar, bronchi is a distinguishing characteristic of the right and
left lungs.

A) True

B) False

back 84

A

front 85

The vocal ligaments are attached between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages.

A) True

B) False

back 85

B

front 86

The mucosal epithelium transitions from pseudostratified columnar to simple cuboidal along
the path to the respiratory bronchioles.

A) True

B) False

back 86

A