front 1 The active protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach is: | back 1 Pepsin |
front 2 The inactive form of the protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach is | back 2 Pepsinogen |
front 3 _______ activates the inactive form of the protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach. | back 3 HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) |
front 4 The enzyme found on the brush border of the small intestine that activates an inactive protein-digesting enzyme is | back 4 Enterokinase |
front 5 The active protein-digesting enzyme that is activated by the enzyme found on the brush border of the small intestine is | back 5 Trypsin |
front 6 The inactive form of the protein-digesting enzyme that is activated by the enzyme found on the brush border of the small intestine is | back 6 Trypsinogen |
front 7 In the small intestine, one enzyme activates two inactive protein-digesting enzymes. Name those two inactive protein-digesting enzymes | back 7 Chymotrypsinogen Procarboxypeptidase |
front 8 In the small intestine, one enzyme activates two inactive protein-digesting enzymes. Name the ACTIVE forms of those two inactive protein-digesting enzymes | back 8 Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase |
front 9 In the small intestine, one enzyme activates two inactive protein-digesting enzymes. Name the enzyme that activates those two inactive protein-digesting enzymes | back 9 Trypsin |
front 10 In the stomach, ____ actives _____, turning it to ______ | back 10 HCl Pepsinogen Pepsin |
front 11 In the brush border of the small intestine, _____ activate _____, turning it to _____ | back 11 Enterokinase enzymes Trypsinogen Trypsin |
front 12 In the small intestine, ______ activates ______ and _______, turning them to _______ and ______ | back 12 Trypsin Chymotrypsinogen and Procarboxypeptidase Chymotrypsin and Carboxypeptidase |
front 13 The “food” as it passes from the stomach to the small intestines is | back 13 Chyme |
front 14 The “food” as it passes from the mouth to the stomach is a | back 14 Bolus |
front 15 The “food” as it passes from the anus is | back 15 Feces |
front 16 Digestion begins in the stomach TRUE OR FALSE | back 16 FALSE Digestion begins in the mouth |
front 17 The villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. TRUE OR FALSE | back 17 TRUE |
front 18 The parotid salivary gland secretes lingual lipase to begin the breakdown of fats. TRUE OR FALSE | back 18 FALSE |
front 19 The internal anal sphincter is under conscious control while the external anal sphincter is not. TRUE OR FALSE | back 19 FALSE The internal anal sphincter is under UNCONSCIOUS control. The external anal sphincter is under conscious control. |
front 20 The liver has first pick of the nutrients absorbed by the blood coming from the small intestine. TRUE OR FALSE | back 20 TRUE |
front 21 The stomach absorbs aspirin and alcohol, but not much else. TRUE OR FALSE | back 21 FALSE The stomach absorbs asprin and some lipid-soluble drugs, not alcohol |
front 22 Metabolism depends on the function of enzymes, and enzymes are very sensitive to pH TRUE OR FALSE | back 22 TRUE |
front 23 What structures make up the alimentary canal? | back 23 Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus |
front 24 Functions of the colon: | back 24 Electrolyte absorption Water absorption Vitamin synthesis Fecal storage |
front 25 What structures make up the accessory organs of the digestive system? | back 25 Salivary glands Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas |
front 26 The alimentary canal is lined with ______ | back 26 Mucous membranes |
front 27 The sequence of layers of the alimentary canal inferior to the diaphragm from deep to superficial are… | back 27 Serosa Muscularis Submucosa Mucosa |
front 28 Which layer of the alimentary canal is highly vascularized and innervated? | back 28 Submucosa |
front 29 Which digestive structure has three layers of muscle tissue? | back 29 Stomach |
front 30 Two sugar molecules bonded together are called… | back 30 Disaccharides |
front 31 The substrate for amylase is… | back 31 Starch |
front 32 Which protein digesting enzyme is a pancreatic secretion? | back 32 Trypsinogen |
front 33 Which enzyme converts DNA & RNA into one of five nucleotides? | back 33 Nucleases |
front 34 The surface area for absorption in the small intestine is approximately equal to: | back 34 1 tennis court |
front 35 Name the regions of the stomach | back 35 Cardiac Fundus Body Pylorus |
front 36 Ingestion | back 36 Tasting and taking food into mouth |
front 37 Mastication | back 37 Chewing/salivating food in mouth |
front 38 Deglutition | back 38 Swallowing food |
front 39 Digestion | back 39 Converting food into simpler organic compounds (nutrients) |
front 40 Absorption | back 40 When nutrients leave the alimentary canal and move inside into the blood This is when food actually becomes part of your body |
front 41 Defecation | back 41 Elimination of waste products from alimentary canal |
front 42 Eructation | back 42 Burping |
front 43 Flatulate | back 43 Pass gass |
front 44 What are the three requirements for enzymes? | back 44 1. Correct pH 2. Correct temp. 3. Correct substrate |
front 45 ______ convert disaccharides into monosaccharides | back 45 Disacharidases |
front 46 ______ fuel for mitochondria to produce ATP for energy | back 46 Glucose |
front 47 Lipid digestion is performed mostly by ______ and ______ | back 47 Bile salts Lipases |
front 48 Define: 1. Sympathetic digestive response 2. Parasympathetic digestive response | back 48 1. Decreased digestive activity/efficiency 2. Increased digestive activity/efficiency (normal/digesting branch of autonomic nervous system) |
front 49 Roof of mouth | back 49 palate |
front 50 Fauces | back 50 Opening from mouth to throat Contain palatine tonsils |
front 51 Regions of the tooth: | back 51 Upper - Crown Middle - Neck Lower - Root/Periodontal ligaments |
front 52 Layers of the tooth | back 52 Inner - Pulp Middle - Dentin Outer - Enamel |
front 53 List the three external salivary glands | back 53 Parotid Submandibular Sublingual |
front 54 Functions of saliva | back 54 1. Clean mouth with lysozyme and IgA 2. Moisten/bind food via mucus 3. Begin starch digestion 4. Contain electrolytes |
front 55 Mumps | back 55 Viral infection of parotid salivary glands with swelling and pain |
front 56 The mucous cells in the stomach secret alkaline mucous, which prevents ______ | back 56 Self digestion |
front 57 The chief cells in the stomach secrete ______ | back 57 Pepsinogen |
front 58 The parietal cells in the stomach secrete ____ | back 58 HCl |
front 59 The enteroendocrine cells secrete ____ affecting digestive organs | back 59 Hormones |
front 60 List the 3 regions of the small intestine: | back 60 1. Doudenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum |
front 61 Intestinal glands that secrete "intestinal juices" | back 61 Crypts of Lieberkuhn |
front 62 Hepatic Portal System | back 62 Connects capillaries of intestines and other digestive organs to the liver |
front 63 Aciner cells secret ______ juices, which include HCO3- and digestive enzymes | back 63 Pancreatic |
front 64 A sac containing bile | back 64 Gall bladder |
front 65 List the parts of the colon and where they are located | back 65 1. Ascending (begins at iliocecal valve and ends at hepatic flexure) 2. Transverse (begins at hepatic flexure and ends at splenic flexure) 3. Descending (begins at splenic flexure and ends at sigmoid colon) 4. Sigmoid (s-shaped terminal curve going to rectum) |
front 66 How much did Elvis' colon weigh? | back 66 60 lbs |
front 67 How many ATP's can one glucose molecule produce without the presence of oxygen? | back 67 2 |
front 68 Where does aerobic fermentation take place? | back 68 In the cytoplasm |
front 69 Where does Cellular Respiration take place? | back 69 The mitochondria |
front 70 How many ATP are produced per each glucose molecule with the presence of oxygen? | back 70 38 |
front 71 How many ATP, NADH, FADH, H20 and CO2 molecules are produced during the Kreb's cycle per one gluclose? | back 71 ATP X2 NADH X8 (plus 2) FADH X2 H20 X2 CO2 X2 |
front 72 Each NADH is worth __ ATP. Therefore, the ___ NADH produce ____ ATP. | back 72 3 10 30 |
front 73 Each FADH is worth __ ATP. Therefore, the ___ FADH produce ___ ATP. | back 73 2 2 4 |
front 74 Total number of ATP produced before ETC: | back 74 2 |