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Chapter 11/12 Cell Communication Mastering AP Biology

front 1

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen?Which of these is NOT a carcinogen?

A. Cigarette smoke

B. Testosterone

C. UV light

D. Fat

E. All of the above are carcinogens

back 1

E. All of the above are carcinogens

front 2

_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer._____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer.

A. Fat

B. UV light

C. Estrogen

D. A virus

E. Testosterone

back 2

A. Fat

front 3

Which of these acts as a second messenger?

A. B

B. A

C. C

D. D

E. E

back 3

D. D

front 4

Which of these is responsible for initiating a signal transduction pathway?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

back 4

A. A

front 5

What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway?

A. By binding to a plasma membrane receptor it initiates a cascade.

B. It relays a signal from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane.

C. It activates relay proteins.

D. By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.

E. It is a plasma membrane protein that binds signal molecules.

back 5

D. By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene.

front 6

Which of these is a membrane receptor?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

E. E

back 6

B. B

front 7

A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor.

A. G protein

B. Tyrosine kinase

C. Calmodulin

D. Signal molecule

E. Cyclic AMP

back 7

D. Signal molecule

front 8

Which of these acts as a second messenger?

A. G-protein-linked receptor

B. Cyclic AMP

C. G protein

D. Protein kinase

E. Adenylyl kinase

back 8

B. Cyclic AMP

front 9

Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in _____.

A. Endoplasmic reticula

B. Peroxisomes

C. Lysosomes

D. Chloroplasts

E. Mitochondria

back 9

A. Endoplasmic reticula

front 10

_____ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm.

A. Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+

B. Adenylyl cyclase ... IP3 .... Ca2+

C. Protein kinase ... PIP2 ... Na+

D. Adenylyl cyclase ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+

E. Phospholipase C ... cyclic AMP ... Ca2+

back 10

A. Phospholipase C ... IP3 .... Ca2+

front 11

A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of _____.

A. Sensitization

B. Deactivation

C. Amplification

D. A cellular response

E. Mutualism

back 11

A. Amplification

front 12

The cleavage of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase releases _____.

A. Cellulose

B. Fructose-1-phosphate

C. Glucose-1-phosphate

D. Galactose-1-phosphate

E. Nothing: glycogen phosphorylase cannot cleave glycogen

back 12

C. Glucose-1-phosphate

front 13

Epinephrine acts as a signal molecule that attaches to _____ proteins.

A. Nuclear receptor

B. Ion-channel receptor

C. Intracellular receptor

D. G-protein-linked receptor

E. Receptor tyrosine kinase

back 13

D. G-protein-linked receptor

front 14

Which of these is a receptor for calcium ions?

A. G protein

B. PIP2

C. Adenylyl cyclase

D. Calmodulin

E. IP3

back 14

D. Calmodulin

front 15

Which of these is NOT correct?

A. Ion channels are found on both the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.

B. Tyrosine-kinase receptors consist of two polypeptides that join when activated by a signal molecule.

C. Kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules.

D. Phospholipase C catalyzes the formation of IP3.

E. Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin.

back 15

E. Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin.

front 16

A toxin that inhibits the production of GTP would interfere with the function of a signal transduction pathway that is initiated by the binding of a signal molecule to _____ receptors.

A. G-protein-linked

B. Steroid

C. Intracellular

D. Ion-channel

E. Receptor tyrosine kinase

back 16

A. G-protein-linked

front 17

Which of these is a logical signal transduction pathway?

A. An intracellular receptor activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane protein to form IP3, which then activates the opening of an ER channel protein, which releases cyclic AMP into the cytoplasm, where it binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.

B. A receptor tyrosine kinase activates adenylyl cyclase, which activates phospholipase C, which converts ATP into cyclic AMP, which binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.

C. A G-protein-linked receptor activates G protein, which activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane lipid to form IP3, which binds to a calcium channel on the ER, which opens to release calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which bind to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.

D. An ion-channel receptor opens, allowing a steroid hormone to enter the cell; the steroid hormone then activates protein kinases that convert GTP to GDP, which binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.

back 17

C. A G-protein-linked receptor activates G protein, which activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane lipid to form IP3, which binds to a calcium channel on the ER, which opens to release calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which bind to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.

front 18

An environmental substance that is known to cause cancer is called a what?

A. Teratogen

B. Carcinogen

C. Mutagen

D. Mitogen

back 18

B. Carcinogen

front 19

Radiation emitted from which of the following two sources are most alike?

A. X-rays and microwaves

B. Microwaves and cellphones

C. Cellphones and cosmic rays

D. Cosmic rays and light bulbs

back 19

B. Microwaves and cellphones

front 20

You are trying to discover if the pesticide atrazine is a mutagen. Where are you looking for mutations?

A. DNA

B. RNA

C. Mitochondria

D. Glucose molecules

back 20

A. DNA

front 21

Which of the following is true?

A. A cancer-causing substance always directly damages DNA.

B. No substance has ever been determined to cause cancer.

C. A cancer-causing substance never directly damages DNA.

D. Cancer-causing substances work in many different ways.

back 21

D. Cancer-causing substances work in many different ways.

front 22

Which of the following best summarizes current scientific opinion regarding cellphones and brain cancer?

A. While most studies indicate that cellphones cause brain cancer, the studies are not statistically sound.

B. While most studies indicate that cellphones do not cause brain cancer, more research needs to be done as cellphone use increases.

C. Cellphones do not cause brain cancer.

D. Cellphones cause brain cancer.

back 22

A. While most studies indicate that cellphones do not cause brain cancer, more research needs to be done as cellphone use increases.

front 23

Nucleoli are present during _____.

A. Prometaphase

B. Metaphase

C. Interphase

D. Prophase

E. Anaphase

back 23

C. Interphase

front 24

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.

A. Interphase

B. Telophase

C. Prometaphase

D. Anaphase

E. Metaphase

back 24

B. Telophase

front 25

Chromosomes become visible during _____.

A. Interphase

B. Prometaphase

C. Prophase

D. Anaphase

E. Metaphase

back 25

C. Prophase

front 26

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.

A. Telophase

B. Anaphase

C. Interphase

D. Metaphase

E. Prometaphase

back 26

B. Anaphase

front 27

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.

A. Interphase

B. Anaphase

C. Telophase

D. Metaphase

E. Prometaphase

back 27

E. Prometaphase

front 28

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Metaphase

B. Telophase

C. Interphase

D. Anaphase

E. Prophase

back 28

D. Anaphase

front 29

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells

B. Cytokinesis as it occurs in animal cells

C. Metaphase

D. Prometaphase

E. Prophase

back 29

B. Cytokinesis as it occurs in animal cells

front 30

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Telophase

B. Anaphase

C. Prometaphase

D. Interphase

E. Prophase

back 30

E. Prophase

front 31

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Metaphase

B. Anaphase

C. Prometaphase

D. Telophase

E. Prophase

back 31

A. Metaphase

front 32

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Interphase

B. Anaphase

C. Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells

D. Prometaphase

E. Metaphase

back 32

D. Prometaphase

front 33

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Anaphase

B. Prometaphase

C. Prophase

D. Metaphase

E. Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells

back 33

E. Cytokinesis as it occurs in plant cells

front 34

This animation illustrates the events of _____.

A. Prophase

B. Anaphase

C. Telophase

D. Prometaphase

E. Metaphase

back 34

C. Telophase

front 35

During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.

A. One chromosome and four chromatids

B. Four chromosomes and two chromatids

C. One chromosome and two chromatids

D. Two chromosomes and two chromatids

E. Two chromosomes and four chromatids

back 35

E. Two chromosomes and four chromatids

front 36

Which of these is a receptor molecule?

A. D

B. A

C. B

D. E

E. C

back 36

C. B

front 37

A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a _____ binds to a receptor.

A. Tyrosine kinase

B. G protein

C. Signal molecule

D. Cyclic AMP

E. Calmodulin

back 37

C. Signal molecule

front 38

Which of these is a signal molecule?

A. A

B. B

C. D

D. C

E. E

back 38

A. A

front 39

A signal molecule is also known as a(n) _____.

A. Initiator

B. Key

C. Ligand

D. Receptor

E. Protein

back 39

C. Ligand

front 40

Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling?

A. Gene activation

B. Reception

C. Binding of a neurotransmitter to a plasma membrane receptor

D. Transduction

E. Cell response

back 40

D. Transduction

front 41

Which of these phases encompasses all of the stages of mitosis?

A. C

B. E

C. D

D. B

E. A

back 41

B. E

front 42

During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.

A. The mitotic phase

B. Mitosis

C. G1

D. S

E. G2

back 42

A. The mitotic phase

front 43

During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.

A. Mitosis

B. Cytokinesis

C. Interphase

D. S

E. G1

back 43

C. Interphase