front 1 What is temperature? What is absolute zero? | back 1 Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. Absolute zero is a substance which has absolutely no kinetic energy to give up. |
front 2 How is heat transferred? | back 2 Heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one. It is the energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference. Matter does not contain heat, it contains molecular kinetic energy and potential energy. |
front 3 Does a glass of water sitting on a table have any energy? | back 3 Yes, it has both kinetic and potential energy. |
front 4 What is internal energy? | back 4 Internal energy is the grand total of all the energies in a substance. ex. there is more internal energy in a larger volume of water as opposed to a lesser volume. |
front 5 What is the specific heat capacity of all substances? | back 5 The specific heat capacity of all substances is defined as the quantity of heat required to changed the temperature of a unit of mass by 1 degree celcius. (Q=MC^T).specific heat is thermal inertia. It signified the resistance of a substance to change in its temperature. |
front 6 Which has a higher heat capacity, water or sand? | back 6 Water has a higher heat capacity.It has a greater thermal inertia and takes longer to warm in the hot sun and longer to cool on a cold night. |
front 7 It takes 1 joule of energy to life an apple of 0.1kg, 1 meter. Convert this to calories. | back 7 1 calorie = 4.2 Joules Mass - 0.1 KG Formula = 0.1/4.2 = .0238 (round ->) = .24 cal |
front 8 If an apple has 100 calories of food energy or stored chemical energy, convert this to calories and to joules. | back 8 1 Food Calorie - 4200 J 1 kilocalorie = 1000 cal 100 cals x 4200 J / 1 = 420,000 / 1000 = 420 KJ |
front 9 What is the difference between the temperature of an object and the internal energy of an object? | back 9 The temperature of an object is the average translational kinetic energy per molecule of a substance. The internal energy of an object is the TOTAL of all molecular energies in a substance. (KE + PE) |
front 10 What makes one object hotter than the other? what makes one hot beaker and one cold beaker different than the other? | back 10 The molecules differ in speed. The hot water has faster moving molecules that move in a variety of speeds as opposed to the cold water, which has slower moving molecules. |
front 11 Someone says that their soup is hot and that it contains a lot of heat. How would you correct them? Does the soup really contain heat? | back 11 The soup does NOT contain heat. In fact, it contains internal energy with fast moving molecules. |
front 12 1. It takes 200 calories of heat to change 10 g of metal by 5 degrees Celsius. What is the amount of energy or heat it takes to change 1 g of this metal by 1 degree Celsius? 2. What is the specific heat of this metal? 3. How much heat does it take to heat 200 g of water by 80 degrees Celsius. | back 12 Q=MC^T m= 10 g ^T= 5 degrees celsius. Q = 200 cal 1. 200 KJ 2. 200 cal = 10 g (c) (5) c = 200 / 10 (5) c = 200 / 50 c = 4 cal * g *c 3. Q= ? M= 200 g ^T = 80 *C c = 1 cal g*C Q= MC^T Q= (200)(1)(80) Q = 16,000 cal |
front 13 A drop of water hits the ground with a speed of 10 m/s. If all the kinetic energy of the water were changed into heat, what would be the change in temperature of the water? | back 13 Formula = KE = ( 1/2 mv^2) = 3/2 kT KE = 133 KT |
front 14 A substance that heats up quickly has a: a. High specific heat b. Low specific Heat | back 14 b. lowspecific ehat |
front 15 Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has a. more internal energy and a higher temperature b. higher temperature, but less internal energy | back 15 b. Higher temperature but less internal energy |
front 16 The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a. a low specific heat b. a high specific heat c. no specific heat | back 16 A. a low specific heat |
front 17 The molecules in a room temperature glass of water jostle around at a. A great variety of speed b. Much the same rates of speed c. A very small range of speeds | back 17 a. A great variety of speeds |
front 18 To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the a. More energetic particles escape b. more energetic particles remain in the water c. the less energetic particles escape | back 18 a. more energetic |
front 19 When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid a. releases energy b. absorbs energy c. neither releases nor absorbs energy | back 19 b. absorbs energy |
front 20 To increase the tempt of 50 grams of water by 2*C requires a. 0.04 calorie b. 2 calories c. 4.18 calories d. 25 calories e. 100 calories | back 20 50 g x 2 *C = 100 calories e. 100 calories |
front 21 To melt 10 grams of 0*C ices requires a. 10 calories b. 800 calories c. 100 calories | back 21 formula = Q=mHf (Hf=80) Q = 10 (80) Q = 800 b. 800 |
front 22 IF the frequency of a certain wave is 10 Hertz, its period is a. 0.1 seconds b.10 seconds c. 100 seconds | back 22 Formula = T = 1 /F T = 1 / 10 a. 0.1 |
front 23 Double the frequency of sound and you halve its a. wavelength b. speed c. amplitude | back 23 a. wavelength |
front 24 What is evaporation? | back 24 It is a change of phase from a liquid to a gas that takes place at the surface of a liquid. The faster moving molecules at the surface escape. It is a cooling process. |
front 25 What is Condensation? | back 25 It is a change of phase from a gas to a liquid. It is a heating process. |
front 26 Define Thermal Expansion. | back 26 Due to increased molecular motion, most material expand as temperature rises. for ex, sidewalks crack in the hot days of summer. |
front 27 Define Sublimation. | back 27 The change of phase from solid to gaseous by passing the liquid phase. |
front 28 what are waves caused by? | back 28 By a vibration or disturbance. ex. sound waves, light. |
front 29 What are the two movements of waves? | back 29 Transverse "Up and down." and Longitudinal "Back and forth" |
front 30 What type of wave is sound? | back 30 Longitudinal wave. |
front 31 What is a medium? What are the two types of mediums. | back 31 What the wave travels through. . Mechanical wave : Which needs a medium, like sound. Electromagnetic wave: Can travel through empty space |
front 32 What type of wave does light, radios, and cell phones need? | back 32 Electromagnetic waves. |
front 33 What is Frequency? | back 33 The number of waves per time. |
front 34 What is the speed of a wave affected by? | back 34 It is only affected by the medium and the type of wave. |
front 35 As the frequency of a wave increases the period of the wave a. decreases b. increases c. remains the same | back 35 a. decreases |
front 36 The time for a wave to pass by is 0.25 seconds. What is the frequency of this wave or how many waves will pass by each second? | back 36 Formula : F = 1 / T F = 1 / 0.25 F = 4 hz |
front 37 AS the frequency of a wave in increases, the wavelength of the wave a. increases b. decreases c. remains the same | back 37 b. decreases |
front 38 A fly flaps its wings back and forth 150 times each second. The period of the wing flap is? | back 38 Formula: T = 1 / F T = 1 / 150 T = 0.067 seconds |
front 39 What is the wavelength of the lowest sound (20 Hz) that humans can hear? | back 39 Formula : S= Wavelength x F Speed of sound = 340 m/s F = 20 Hz 340 = ? x 20 ? = 17 m |
front 40 A sound wave has a frequency of 256 Hz. If the speed of sound in the air is 340 m/s, determine: a. The wavelength b. The period c. if the frequency is doubled, what is wavelength. | back 40 S = wavelength x F a. 340 = ? x 256 ? = 1.3 m b. T = 1 / F 1 / 256 = .0039 seconds c. 256 (2) = 516 Hz 340 = wavelength x 512 wavelength = .66 m |
front 41 What type of waves are radio waves? How fast do these waves travel? | back 41 Electromagnetic waves. They travel at the speed of light (C= 3 x 10^8 m/s) |
front 42 What is the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 104.1 MHz ? | back 42 Formula : S = wavelength x F F = 104.1 x 10^6 S = 3 x 10^8 3 x 10^8 = ? x 104.1 x 10^6 wavelength = 2.88 m |
front 43 What is the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 1080 kHz? | back 43 Formula: S = wavelength x F S = 3 x 10^8 F = 1.08 x 10 ^6 3 x 10^8 = ? x 1.08 x 10^6 wavelength = 277 m |
front 44 Explain how someone would be able to break a wineglass with only their voice? | back 44 By matching the pitch of your voice to the frequency of the glass. |
front 45 What is the red shift and what does it say about the entire universe? | back 45 The red shift is a light source that is receding. It has a long wave length and short frequency. on the contrary, a blue shift has a short wave length and a higherfrequency. The red shift was observed in the galaxies so were expanding the universe. |
front 46 What is the doppler effect? | back 46 Change in frequency due to a moving source of waves. |
front 47 What is the human range of frequency? | back 47 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz |
front 48 What are ultrasonic waves? | back 48 Frequencies higher than 20, 000 Hz |
front 49 What are infrasonic waves? | back 49 Frequencies lower than 20 Hz |
front 50 What is the medium? | back 50 What the wave travels through. For ex, air, water, traintracks |
front 51 What is a mechanical wave? | back 51 A wave that needs a medium. ex. sound |
front 52 What is electromagnetic wave? | back 52 A wave that can travel through empty space. ex. light, radio, cells |
front 53 What is the speed of a wave effected by? | back 53 The medium and type of wave. |
front 54 For light, a red shift indicates that the light source is moving a. toward you b. away from you | back 54 B. AWAY FROM YOU |
front 55 A positive ion (charged atom) has more a. electrons than neutrons b. electrons than protons c. protons than electrons d. protons than neutrons | back 55 c. protons than electrons |
front 56 The electrical force between charges is strongest when the charges are a. close together b. far apart c. the electric force is constant everywhere | back 56 a. closer together |
front 57 Electric potential, measured in volts, is the ratio od electric energy to amount of electric a. current b. resistance c. charge d. voltage | back 57 c. charge |
front 58 The current through a 10-ohm resistor connected to a 120 V power supply is a. 1 A b. 10 A c. 12 A d. 120 A | back 58 c. 12 A |
front 59 A 10 ohm resistor has a 5A current in it. What is the voltage across the resistor? a. 5 V b. 10 v c. 15 v d. 20 v e. 50 v | back 59 e. 50 v |
front 60 Modern automobile headlights are connected in a. parallel b. series | back 60 a. parallel |
front 61 The power used in a 4ohm resistor carrying 3 A is | back 61 36 W |
front 62 What is the source of all waves? | back 62 Something that is Vibrating. |
front 63 What is amplitude? | back 63 The maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium midpoint position |
front 64 What is Frequency? | back 64 The number of waves per time |
front 65 What is Period? | back 65 The time of one wave or cycle |
front 66 What is a transverse wave? a longitudinal wave? | back 66 A transverse wave is a wave that goes up and down. Light waves are transverse. A longitudinal wave is a wave that goes back and forth. Sound is longitudinal. |
front 67 Air is a poor conductor of sound. What are the best conductors? | back 67 liquids and solids. |
front 68 What is compression? What is rarefraction? | back 68 Compression is a pulse of compressed air that travels across the room A rarefraction is when molecules move toward the source and cause a low pressure, which disturbs the waves in the room. ex, when you close a door and the open window shade flaps towards you. |
front 69 Thunder is heard after... | back 69 we see a flash of lightning (All sounds in the same medium travel at the same speed, that's why it takes a while to hear it, regardless of the frequency.) |
front 70 Sound travels faster in a. warm air b. cold air | back 70 a. warm air, the reason why is because the faster moving molecules in the warm air bump into one another more often and therefor can transmit a pulse in less time. |
front 71 Do compressions and rarefractions in a sound wave travel in the same direction or in opposite directions from one another? | back 71 They travel in the same direction. |
front 72 what is pitch? | back 72 The highness or lowness of a tone |
front 73 What is inside every atom? | back 73 Postive and negative charges. |
front 74 What is the fundamental quantity that underlies all electrical phenomenon ? | back 74 Electric charge. (Positive and negative) |
front 75 What is the conservation of charge? | back 75 No electrons are created nor destroyed, electrons are simply transferred from one material to another. |
front 76 If you scuff your feet while you walk across a rug, are you negatively or positively charged? | back 76 You have more electrons after you scuff your feet, so you are negatively charged (and the rug is positively charged) |
front 77 What is Coulombs Law? | back 77 It is the relationship among electrical force, charge and distance. F = k q1 x q2 / d^2\if the charges are alike in sign then the force is repulsive, if the charges are unalike then the force is attractive. |
front 78 To move the positive charge to the left requires ________ which will increase the __________. | back 78 work, potential energy |
front 79 I = current, what is the unit. | back 79 Amp. |
front 80 As distance increases, force a. increases b. decreases | back 80 b. decreases |
front 81 For electric current to flow you need a difference in a. speed b. current c. potential energy d. kinetic energy | back 81 c. potential energy |
front 82 How do you get electric current? | back 82 You need a circuit with a conducter and a difference in electric potential energy. |
front 83 If the Voltage goes up the current goes a. down b. up | back 83 b. up |
front 84 What is resistance? | back 84 Electrical friction. |
front 85 As resistance goes up, current goes a. up b. down | back 85 b. down |
front 86 What is the electrical unit for resistance? | back 86 Ω |
front 87 What is Ohms law? | back 87 The relationship among the voltage, current and resistance. Ohm discovered that the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage, and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. C = V / R |
front 88 What skin has more Resistance, wet skin or dry skin? why? | back 88 Dry skin has a higher resistance with a low electrical current. Conversely, wet skin has a low resistance and high electrical current. That is why electrocution occurs more often when exposed to water. |