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Conceptual Physics Chapter 15+17+19+20+22+23

front 1

What is temperature? What is absolute zero?

back 1

Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. Absolute zero is a substance which has absolutely no kinetic energy to give up.

front 2

How is heat transferred?

back 2

Heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one. It is the energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference. Matter does not contain heat, it contains molecular kinetic energy and potential energy.

front 3

Does a glass of water sitting on a table have any energy?

back 3

Yes, it has both kinetic and potential energy.

front 4

What is internal energy?

back 4

Internal energy is the grand total of all the energies in a substance. ex. there is more internal energy in a larger volume of water as opposed to a lesser volume.

front 5

What is the specific heat capacity of all substances?

back 5

The specific heat capacity of all substances is defined as the quantity of heat required to changed the temperature of a unit of mass by 1 degree celcius. (Q=MC^T).specific heat is thermal inertia. It signified the resistance of a substance to change in its temperature.

front 6

Which has a higher heat capacity, water or sand?

back 6

Water has a higher heat capacity.It has a greater thermal inertia and takes longer to warm in the hot sun and longer to cool on a cold night.

front 7

It takes 1 joule of energy to life an apple of 0.1kg, 1 meter. Convert this to calories.

back 7

1 calorie = 4.2 Joules

Mass - 0.1 KG

Formula = 0.1/4.2

= .0238 (round ->) = .24 cal

front 8

If an apple has 100 calories of food energy or stored chemical energy, convert this to calories and to joules.

back 8

1 Food Calorie - 4200 J

1 kilocalorie = 1000 cal

100 cals x 4200 J / 1 = 420,000 / 1000 = 420 KJ

front 9

What is the difference between the temperature of an object and the internal energy of an object?

back 9

The temperature of an object is the average translational kinetic energy per molecule of a substance.

The internal energy of an object is the TOTAL of all molecular energies in a substance. (KE + PE)

front 10

What makes one object hotter than the other? what makes one hot beaker and one cold beaker different than the other?

back 10

The molecules differ in speed. The hot water has faster moving molecules that move in a variety of speeds as opposed to the cold water, which has slower moving molecules.

front 11

Someone says that their soup is hot and that it contains a lot of heat. How would you correct them? Does the soup really contain heat?

back 11

The soup does NOT contain heat. In fact, it contains internal energy with fast moving molecules.

front 12

1. It takes 200 calories of heat to change 10 g of metal by 5 degrees Celsius. What is the amount of energy or heat it takes to change 1 g of this metal by 1 degree Celsius?

2. What is the specific heat of this metal?

3. How much heat does it take to heat 200 g of water by 80 degrees Celsius.

back 12

Q=MC^T

m= 10 g

^T= 5 degrees celsius.

Q = 200 cal

1. 200 KJ

2.

200 cal = 10 g (c) (5)

c = 200 / 10 (5)

c = 200 / 50

c = 4 cal * g *c

3. Q= ?

M= 200 g

^T = 80 *C

c = 1 cal g*C

Q= MC^T

Q= (200)(1)(80)

Q = 16,000 cal

front 13

A drop of water hits the ground with a speed of 10 m/s. If all the kinetic energy of the water were changed into heat, what would be the change in temperature of the water?

back 13

Formula = KE = ( 1/2 mv^2) = 3/2 kT

KE = 133 KT

front 14

A substance that heats up quickly has a:

a. High specific heat

b. Low specific Heat

back 14

b. lowspecific ehat

front 15

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

a. more internal energy and a higher temperature

b. higher temperature, but less internal energy

back 15

b. Higher temperature but less internal energy

front 16

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has

a. a low specific heat

b. a high specific heat

c. no specific heat

back 16

A. a low specific heat

front 17

The molecules in a room temperature glass of water jostle around at

a. A great variety of speed

b. Much the same rates of speed

c. A very small range of speeds

back 17

a. A great variety of speeds

front 18

To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the

a. More energetic particles escape

b. more energetic particles remain in the water

c. the less energetic particles escape

back 18

a. more energetic

front 19

When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid

a. releases energy

b. absorbs energy

c. neither releases nor absorbs energy

back 19

b. absorbs energy

front 20

To increase the tempt of 50 grams of water by 2*C requires

a. 0.04 calorie

b. 2 calories

c. 4.18 calories

d. 25 calories

e. 100 calories

back 20

50 g x 2 *C = 100 calories

e. 100 calories

front 21

To melt 10 grams of 0*C ices requires

a. 10 calories

b. 800 calories

c. 100 calories

back 21

formula = Q=mHf (Hf=80)

Q = 10 (80)

Q = 800

b. 800

front 22

IF the frequency of a certain wave is 10 Hertz, its period is

a. 0.1 seconds

b.10 seconds

c. 100 seconds

back 22

Formula = T = 1 /F

T = 1 / 10

a. 0.1

front 23

Double the frequency of sound and you halve its

a. wavelength

b. speed

c. amplitude

back 23

a. wavelength

front 24

What is evaporation?

back 24

It is a change of phase from a liquid to a gas that takes place at the surface of a liquid. The faster moving molecules at the surface escape. It is a cooling process.

front 25

What is Condensation?

back 25

It is a change of phase from a gas to a liquid. It is a heating process.

front 26

Define Thermal Expansion.

back 26

Due to increased molecular motion, most material expand as temperature rises. for ex, sidewalks crack in the hot days of summer.

front 27

Define Sublimation.

back 27

The change of phase from solid to gaseous by passing the liquid phase.

front 28

what are waves caused by?

back 28

By a vibration or disturbance. ex. sound waves, light.

front 29

What are the two movements of waves?

back 29

Transverse "Up and down." and Longitudinal "Back and forth"

front 30

What type of wave is sound?

back 30

Longitudinal wave.

front 31

What is a medium? What are the two types of mediums.

back 31

What the wave travels through.

. Mechanical wave : Which needs a medium, like sound.

Electromagnetic wave: Can travel through empty space

front 32

What type of wave does light, radios, and cell phones need?

back 32

Electromagnetic waves.

front 33

What is Frequency?

back 33

The number of waves per time.

front 34

What is the speed of a wave affected by?

back 34

It is only affected by the medium and the type of wave.

front 35

As the frequency of a wave increases the period of the wave

a. decreases

b. increases

c. remains the same

back 35

a. decreases

front 36

The time for a wave to pass by is 0.25 seconds. What is the frequency of this wave or how many waves will pass by each second?

back 36

Formula : F = 1 / T

F = 1 / 0.25

F = 4 hz

front 37

AS the frequency of a wave in increases, the wavelength of the wave

a. increases

b. decreases

c. remains the same

back 37

b. decreases

front 38

A fly flaps its wings back and forth 150 times each second. The period of the wing flap is?

back 38

Formula: T = 1 / F

T = 1 / 150

T = 0.067 seconds

front 39

What is the wavelength of the lowest sound (20 Hz) that humans can hear?

back 39

Formula : S= Wavelength x F

Speed of sound = 340 m/s

F = 20 Hz

340 = ? x 20

? = 17 m

front 40

A sound wave has a frequency of 256 Hz. If the speed of sound in the air is 340 m/s, determine:

a. The wavelength

b. The period

c. if the frequency is doubled, what is wavelength.

back 40

S = wavelength x F

a. 340 = ? x 256

? = 1.3 m

b. T = 1 / F

1 / 256 = .0039 seconds

c. 256 (2) = 516 Hz

340 = wavelength x 512

wavelength = .66 m

front 41

What type of waves are radio waves? How fast do these waves travel?

back 41

Electromagnetic waves.

They travel at the speed of light (C= 3 x 10^8 m/s)

front 42

What is the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 104.1 MHz ?

back 42

Formula : S = wavelength x F

F = 104.1 x 10^6

S = 3 x 10^8

3 x 10^8 = ? x 104.1 x 10^6

wavelength = 2.88 m

front 43

What is the wavelength of a radio wave with a frequency of 1080 kHz?

back 43

Formula: S = wavelength x F

S = 3 x 10^8

F = 1.08 x 10 ^6

3 x 10^8 = ? x 1.08 x 10^6

wavelength = 277 m

front 44

Explain how someone would be able to break a wineglass with only their voice?

back 44

By matching the pitch of your voice to the frequency of the glass.

front 45

What is the red shift and what does it say about the entire universe?

back 45

The red shift is a light source that is receding. It has a long wave length and short frequency. on the contrary, a blue shift has a short wave length and a higherfrequency. The red shift was observed in the galaxies so were expanding the universe.

front 46

What is the doppler effect?

back 46

Change in frequency due to a moving source of waves.

front 47

What is the human range of frequency?

back 47

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz

front 48

What are ultrasonic waves?

back 48

Frequencies higher than 20, 000 Hz

front 49

What are infrasonic waves?

back 49

Frequencies lower than 20 Hz

front 50

What is the medium?

back 50

What the wave travels through. For ex, air, water, traintracks

front 51

What is a mechanical wave?

back 51

A wave that needs a medium. ex. sound

front 52

What is electromagnetic wave?

back 52

A wave that can travel through empty space. ex. light, radio, cells

front 53

What is the speed of a wave effected by?

back 53

The medium and type of wave.

front 54

For light, a red shift indicates that the light source is moving

a. toward you

b. away from you

back 54

B. AWAY FROM YOU

front 55

A positive ion (charged atom) has more

a. electrons than neutrons

b. electrons than protons

c. protons than electrons

d. protons than neutrons

back 55

c. protons than electrons

front 56

The electrical force between charges is strongest when the charges are

a. close together

b. far apart

c. the electric force is constant everywhere

back 56

a. closer together

front 57

Electric potential, measured in volts, is the ratio od electric energy to amount of electric

a. current

b. resistance

c. charge

d. voltage

back 57

c. charge

front 58

The current through a 10-ohm resistor connected to a 120 V power supply is

a. 1 A

b. 10 A

c. 12 A

d. 120 A

back 58

c. 12 A

front 59

A 10 ohm resistor has a 5A current in it. What is the voltage across the resistor?

a. 5 V

b. 10 v

c. 15 v

d. 20 v

e. 50 v

back 59

e. 50 v

front 60

Modern automobile headlights are connected in

a. parallel

b. series

back 60

a. parallel

front 61

The power used in a 4ohm resistor carrying 3 A is

back 61

36 W

front 62

What is the source of all waves?

back 62

Something that is Vibrating.  

front 63

What is amplitude?

back 63

The maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium midpoint position

front 64

What is Frequency?

back 64

The number of waves per time

front 65

What is Period?

back 65

The time of one wave or cycle

front 66

What is a transverse wave? a longitudinal wave?

back 66

A transverse wave is a wave that goes up and down. Light waves are transverse.

A longitudinal wave is a wave that goes back and forth. Sound is longitudinal.

front 67

Air is a poor conductor of sound. What are the best conductors?

back 67

liquids and solids.

front 68

What is compression? What is rarefraction?

back 68

Compression is a pulse of compressed air that travels across the room

A rarefraction is when molecules move toward the source and cause a low pressure, which disturbs the waves in the room. ex, when you close a door and the open window shade flaps towards you.

front 69

Thunder is heard after...

back 69

we see a flash of lightning (All sounds in the same medium travel at the same speed, that's why it takes a while to hear it, regardless of the frequency.)

front 70

Sound travels faster in

a. warm air

b. cold air

back 70

a. warm air, the reason why is because the faster moving molecules in the warm air bump into one another more often and therefor can transmit a pulse in less time.

front 71

Do compressions and rarefractions in a sound wave travel in the same direction or in opposite directions from one another?

back 71

They travel in the same direction.

front 72

what is pitch?

back 72

The highness or lowness of a tone

front 73

What is inside every atom?

back 73

Postive and negative charges.

front 74

What is the fundamental quantity that underlies all electrical phenomenon ?

back 74

Electric charge. (Positive and negative)

front 75

What is the conservation of charge?

back 75

No electrons are created nor destroyed, electrons are simply transferred from one material to another.

front 76

If you scuff your feet while you walk across a rug, are you negatively or positively charged?

back 76

You have more electrons after you scuff your feet, so you are negatively charged (and the rug is positively charged)

front 77

What is Coulombs Law?

back 77

It is the relationship among electrical force, charge and distance. F = k q1 x q2 / d^2\if the charges are alike in sign then the force is repulsive, if the charges are unalike then the force is attractive.

front 78

To move the positive charge to the left requires ________ which will increase the __________.

back 78

work, potential energy

front 79

I = current, what is the unit.

back 79

Amp.

front 80

As distance increases, force

a. increases

b. decreases

back 80

b. decreases

front 81

For electric current to flow you need a difference in

a. speed

b. current

c. potential energy

d. kinetic energy

back 81

c. potential energy

front 82

How do you get electric current?

back 82

You need a circuit with a conducter and a difference in electric potential energy.

front 83

If the Voltage goes up the current goes

a. down

b. up

back 83

b. up

front 84

What is resistance?

back 84

Electrical friction.

front 85

As resistance goes up, current goes

a. up

b. down

back 85

b. down

front 86

What is the electrical unit for resistance?

back 86

Ω

front 87

What is Ohms law?

back 87

The relationship among the voltage, current and resistance. Ohm discovered that the current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage, and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. C = V / R

front 88

What skin has more Resistance, wet skin or dry skin? why?

back 88

Dry skin has a higher resistance with a low electrical current. Conversely, wet skin has a low resistance and high electrical current. That is why electrocution occurs more often when exposed to water.