front 1 Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur? | back 1 Proximal convoluted tubule |
front 2 Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of __________. | back 2 Sodium |
front 3 What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | back 3 A system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure |
front 4 Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?
| back 4 Blood cells and large particles |
front 5 What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration? | back 5 Hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure) |
front 6 Which of the following would only be found in the glomerular filtrate
if the glomerular membrane were damaged? | back 6 Protein |
front 7 If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? | back 7 Net filtration would decrease |
front 8 Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg. | back 8 25 mm Hg |
front 9 Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
use which of the following pathways?
OR
| back 9 Transcellular |
front 10 During reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule, what
causes water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space? | back 10 An increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium |
front 11 The decreased intracellular concentration of sodium in tubular cells
during active transport is caused by which of the following mechanisms? | back 11 The sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane |
front 12 The active transport of which ion out of proximal convoluted tubule
cells causes the reabsorption of both water and solutes? | back 12 Sodium |
front 13 Which of the following transporters in the luminal membrane results
in secretion? | back 13 Na+-H+ countertransport |
front 14 What is the limiting factor for the reabsorption of most actively
transported solutes in the proximal tubule? | back 14 Number of transport carriers in the luminal membrane |
front 15 Which of the following best describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? | back 15 The volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute |
front 16 GFR regulation mechanisms primarily affect which of the following? | back 16 Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) |
front 17 Which of the following are mechanisms of intrinsic control of
glomerular filtration (renal autoregulation)? | back 17 Myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 18 Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate
GFR through which intrinsic mechanism? | back 18 Tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 19 The myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation primarily involves
smooth muscle in which blood vessels? | back 19 Afferent arterioles |
front 20 What does a high concentration of NaCl in the renal tubule at the
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) most likely indicate? | back 20 Insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR |
front 21 Through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, how would an
increase in filtrate NaCl concentration affect afferent arteriole diameter? | back 21 Afferent arteriole diameter would decrease. |
front 22 Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR
through which mechanism? | back 22 Renin-angiotensin mechanism |
front 23 Which hormone(s) is/are required for facultative water reabsorption in the collecting ducts? | back 23 ADH |
front 24 A nonfasting urine sample from an individual who has previously
ingested donuts and a soft drink showed the presence of sugar
(glucose). Which of the following statement explains the presence of
the glucose in the urine? | back 24 The individual exceeded the transport maximum |
front 25 Which part of the brain controls the micturition reflex? | back 25 Pons |
front 26 The __________ keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed from the bladder and prevents leaking between voiding. | back 26 internal urethral sphincter |
front 27 Who is awesome?
| back 27 Terra |
front 28 Since most patients with renal failure produce little or no urine,
hemodialysis often involves removal of water from the blood. However,
side-effects may develop if too much fluid is removed from the blood.
Which of the following is NOT one of the potential side-effects? | back 28 Vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles |
front 29 The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______. | back 29 The male urethra is longer than the female urethra |
front 30 Urinary incontinence may occur if a person has ______. | back 30 An overactive detrusor muscle |