front 1 What is a neurotransmitter? | back 1 A chemical released at the distal end of an axon that stimulates or inhibits an adjacent cell. |
front 2 Aerobic respiration | back 2 The mechanism of ATP that requires oxygen |
front 3 The mechanism of ATP that requires oxygen is called | back 3 Aerobic respiration |
front 4 What is the perimysium? | back 4 The heavy CT layer surrounding each fasciculus. |
front 5 What is the epimysium? | back 5 The dense collagenous CT that surrounds the entire muscle. |
front 6 Which muscles are responsible for fictions like communication, speaking, writing, gesturing, smiling, & frowning? | back 6 Skeletal muscles (of the face, neck, & limbs) |
front 7 Muscle elasticity | back 7 The ability of a muscle to RECOIL to its original resting length after being stretched. |
front 8 The ability of a muscle to RECOIL to its original resting length after being stretched | back 8 Muscle elasticity |
front 9 Functions of the cardiac muscles: | back 9 Providing a major force for moving blood through the circulatory system. |
front 10 Provides a major force for moving blood through the circulatory system | back 10 Cardiac muscle |
front 11 Describe hypertrophy | back 11 The enlargement of muscles after birth in children & adults. It results from an INCREASE in the NUMBER of muscle fibers. |
front 12 How are skeletal muscle fibers produced? | back 12 Several myoblasts fuse to form a single myofiber. |
front 13 What is a myofilament? | back 13 Contains EITHER actin or myosin proteins |
front 14 Explain the breakdown of ATP: | back 14 1. Move Calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum
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front 15 Explain the steps of muscle relaxtion | back 15 1. Nerve signal ceases
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front 16 Muscle Contraction | back 16 1. Action potential reaches
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front 17 Cross bridge cycling | back 17 1. Cross bridge formation
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front 18 Muscle fibers & muscle facicles related? | back 18 A MUSCLE FACICULE is composed of groups of MUSCLE FIBERS |
front 19 Cellular Respiration | back 19 The method of ATP production that can produce up to 36 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule. |
front 20 The method of ATP production that can produce up to 36 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule. | back 20 Cellular respiration |
front 21 4 Major functional properties of muscle?
| back 21 1. Contractility
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front 22 Types of muscle tissue | back 22 1. Skeletal
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front 23 Major functions of tendons | back 23 1. Connect muscles to dermis
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front 24 Explain muscle extensibility | back 24 The ability of the muscle to stretch beyond its resting length. |
front 25 Explain contractility | back 25 The ability of the muscle to shorten forcefully. |
front 26 What is the GENERAL term for connective tissue sheets within the body? | back 26 Fascia |
front 27 What are the structural functions of cardiac muscles? | back 27 Branched cells that are autorhythmic & respond to nervous or hormonal stimulation |
front 28 What are the functions of smooth muscle? | back 28 1. Move food through digestive tract
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front 29 Functions of cardiac muscle? | back 29 1. Pumping blood
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front 30 Functions of skeletal muscle | back 30 Body movement, maintain posture, responsible for producing the majority of heat needed for maintaining body temperature, communication, gesturing, frowning, & smiling. |
front 31 What type of muscle is responsible for respiration or breathing? | back 31 SKELETAL MUSCLE of the thorax & diaphragm |
front 32 What type of muscle is involved in vasoconstriction? | back 32 Smooth muscle |
front 33 What are the actions of MUSCLE cells? | back 33 1. Contract and shorten
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front 34 What is the muscular fascia? | back 34 1.It is the dense irregular collagenous CT located superficially that separates & compartmentalizes individual muscles or groups of muscles.
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front 35 An increase of excitability would result in: | back 35 1. Muscle would contract more readily
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front 36 What is excitability? | back 36 The capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus and what allows muscle cells to contract. |
front 37 What are the 7 functions of the muscular system? | back 37 1. Body movement
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front 38 What are gap junctions? | back 38 They are protein channels that connect adjacent CARDIAC muscle cells which allow action potentials to pass from cell-to-cell |
front 39 What are characteristics of SMOOTH MUSCLE? | back 39 1. Overlapping filiform-shaped cells with GAP JUNCTIONS
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front 40 Define AUTORHYTHMIC | back 40 The spontaneous contraction of cardiac & smooth muscle at somewhat regular intervals without being signaled by the nervous system. |
front 41 Step-by-step Single Action Potential | back 41 1. Limited Na+ channels open
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front 42 Structural functions of SMOOTH MUSCLE | back 42 Over-lapping filiform-shaped cells with GAP JUNCTIONS that allow rapid communication and coordinated movement. |
front 43 An increase of muscle elasticity allows: | back 43 1.The amount of active tension needed to be generated by the muscle in order to contract would increase.
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front 44 What inhibits contraction of the sarcomere, covers the active sites on actin, and prevents myosin heads from binding with actin? | back 44 Tropomyosin |
front 45 Structural functions of SKELETAL MUSCLE | back 45 Very long cells that do not contract spontaneously. |
front 46 What type of muscle is responsible for producing the majority of heat needed to maintain body temperature? | back 46 Skeletal Muscles |
front 47 What must happen in order for an ion to move passively through an ion channel? | back 47 1. There must be a difference in the electrical or charge distribution between the inside and outside of the cell.
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