front 1 Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon from one molecule of pyruvate? | back 1 acetyl-coa |
front 2 When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated? | back 2 it is lost to the environment |
front 3 Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following? | back 3 competitive inhibition |
front 4 Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? | back 4 glycolyis and fermentation |
front 5 Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells? | back 5 mitochondrial inter membrane space |
front 6 The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as | back 6 feedback inhibition |
front 7 When you have a severe fever, what grave consequences may occur if the fever is not controlled? | back 7 change in the tertiary structure of your enzymes |
front 8 An electron loses potential energy when it | back 8 shifts to a more electronegative atom |
front 9 Which of the following statements describes the results of the reaction?
| back 9 C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced |
front 10 Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? | back 10 a molecule of glucose |
front 11 The active site of an enzyme is the region that | back 11 is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme |
front 12 How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction? | back 12 by changing the shape of the enzymes active site |
front 13 According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct? | back 13 the binding of the substrates changes the shape of the enzymes active site |
front 14 Which of the following statement of the first law of thermodynamics? | back 14 energy cannot be created or destroyed |
front 15 Why is glycolyis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? | back 15 it uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP |
front 16 Which temperature and PH profile curves on the graphs were most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid? | back 16 Curves 1 & 4 |
front 17 In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by | back 17 a proton gradient across a membrane |
front 18 A chemical reaction that has a positive G is correctly described as | back 18 endergonic |
front 19 the molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction | back 19 loses electrons and loses potential energy |
front 20 which of the following terms best describes the forward reaction in figure 8.1? | back 20 exergonic, G<0 |
front 21 The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to | back 21 act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water |
front 22 Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? | back 22 cytosol |
front 23 Which of the following statements describes NAD+ | back 23 NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric cycle |
front 24 Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrian | back 24 inner membrane |
front 25 Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | back 25 mitochondrial inner membrane |
front 26 What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? | back 26 catabolic pathways |
front 27 Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways? | back 27 they consume energy to build up polymers for monomers |
front 28 Which curves on the graphs represent the temperature and pH profiles of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in a mildly alkaline hot springs at temperature of 70 C or higher? | back 28 Curves 3 & 5 |
front 29 Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways? | back 29 the supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell's work |
front 30 Which of the following is true for exergonic reactions? | back 30 the reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy |
front 31 Which of the following is an example of cooperativity? | back 31 a molecule binding at one unit of a tetramer, allowing faster binding at each of the other three |
front 32 Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as a reaction's: | back 32 activation energy |
front 33 why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism | back 33 it provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions |
front 34 For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics? | back 34 the organism ultimately must obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment |
front 35 in glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized its pyruvate | back 35 two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced |
front 36 How might an amino acid change at a site distance from the active site of the enzyme alter the enzyme's substrate specificity? | back 36 by changing the shape of the protein |
front 37 Which of the following statements is a representative of the second law of thermodynamics? | back 37 cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization |
front 38 When skeletal muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. this is now known to be caused by | back 38 buildup of lactate |
front 39 Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent? | back 39 glycolysis |
front 40 Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water? | back 40 oxidative phosphoryilation (chemiosmosis) |