front 1 Why is salt a good preservative to use for foods such as pork and fish? | back 1 Prokaryotic cells living in the food will shrink from their cell walls, impacting their ability to reproduce. |
front 2 Gram-negative bacteria have ________ peptidoglycan than gram-positive cells, and their cell walls are __________ complex structurally. | back 2 Less...More |
front 3 A gram-negative cell wall consists of _____________. | back 3 a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides. |
front 4 Bacteria that ________ tend to have abundant internal membranes. | back 4 are photosynthetic |
front 5 Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess ______________. | back 5 a nucleoid with a circular chromosome |
front 6 Bacterial flagella have a very complex structure composed of 42 distinct proteins. What s the most likely explanation for the evolution of these complex structures? | back 6 exaptation |
front 7 The bacteria that cause tetanus can be killed only by prolonged heating at temperatures considerably above boiling. This suggests that these bacteria _______________. | back 7 produce endospores |
front 8 Plasmids ___________. | back 8 -Replicate independently of the main chromosome
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front 9 How is it possible that as many as 9 million mutations can arise each day in the E. coli inhabiting one human? | back 9 The mathematics of large population size and rapid reproduction rate combine to produce many mutations without a particularly high mutation rate. |
front 10 In the absence of meiosis and sexual reproduction, what general process allows genetic recombination among prokaryotes? | back 10 Horizontal gene transer |
front 11 Which statement about transformation is true? | back 11 It can be facilitated by cell-surface proteins that recognize compatible DNA. |
front 12 An F+ bacterial cell _____________. | back 12 acts as a donor during conjugation |
front 13 Which of the following is true about R plasmids? | back 13 -They can be transferred from one bacterium to another via conjugation.
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front 14 Bacteria that use light for their energy source and CO2 for their carbon source are called ________________. | back 14 Photo-autotrophs |
front 15 In an experiment, a microbiologist put equal numbers of each of the following organisms into a flask of sterile north, consisting mostly of sugar and a few amino acids. She the placed the flask in the dark. Which of the organisms would be most likely to survive? | back 15 Chemo-heterotrophic bacteria |
front 16 The Desulfovibrio bacterium breaks down organic matter (which it must have) and uses sulfate (not oxygen) as an electron acceptor. As a result, it produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S), accounting for the "rotten egg" smell of swamp muck. Oxygen is a deadly poison to Desulfovibrio. We would call Desullfovibrio a(n) _________. | back 16 Obligately anaerobic chemoautotroph |
front 17 Choose the list below that contains the substances required by typical nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. | back 17 carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, light, and some minerals |
front 18 What is the role of heterocysts in a cyanobacterial filament? | back 18 They carry out only nitrogen fixation. |
front 19 Biofilms are an example of ____________. | back 19 metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic species |
front 20 Portions of the genomes of certain prokaryotic species are very similar to portions of the genomes of distantly related prokaryotes. The process that most likely accounts for this genetic similarity is _______________. | back 20 horizontal gene transfer |
front 21 Which subgroup of proteobacteria contains many species that are closely associated with eukaryotic hosts in mutualistic or parasitic relationships? | back 21 alpha |
front 22 Which subgroup of proteobacteria contains many species that are predators of other bacteria? | back 22 delta |
front 23 Which group of bacteria is unusual in that they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls? | back 23 chlamydias |
front 24 Which of the following is a difference between bacteria and archaea? | back 24 They have different chemicals in their cell membranes and cell walls. |
front 25 Which of the following statement about cyanobacteria is true? | back 25 -Some are single cells, whereas other live in filamentous colonies.
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front 26 Prokaryotes found inhabiting the Great Salt Lake would be ____________. | back 26 extreme halophiles |
front 27 Which of the flowing groups of prokaryotes is classified as a member of the domain Archaea? | back 27 methanogens |
front 28 Which clade of archaea includes most of the extreme thermophiles? | back 28 Crenarchaeota |
front 29 Prokaryotes are completely indispensable to which chemical cycle? | back 29 nitrogen |
front 30 A type of ecological relationship called _______ involves one organism living at the expense of another organism. | back 30 parasitism |
front 31 Which example below is a correct statement about Bacteroides thetaoitaomicron, a bacterium that lives in the human intestines? | back 31 The bacteria have a mutualistic relationship with the human body. |
front 32 Ticks that live on deer and field mice are responsible for spreading the bacterium ________, which causes ___________. | back 32 Borrelia burgdorferi....Lyme disease |
front 33 Which statement is true regarding cholera? | back 33 Its symptoms are caused by an exotoxin that stimulates intestinal cells to release chloride ions into the gut. |
front 34 Scientists hypothesize that the O157:H7 strain of E. coli is to different from the K-12 strain because of ___________. | back 34 horizontal gene transfer over many years, most likely through the action of bacteriophages |
front 35 Which statement about prokaryotes is true? | back 35 Prokaryotes are widely used for bioremediation. |