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Campbell Biology Chapter 28 Key Terms

front 1 Alternation of Generations	back 1 A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid forma, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
front 2 Blade	back 2 1. A leaflike structure of a seaweed that provides most of the surface area for photosynthesis. 2. The flattened portion of a typical leaf.
front 3 Conjugation	back 3 1. In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined. When the 2 cells are members of different species, conjugation results in horizontal gene transfer. 2. In ciliates, a sexual process in which two cells exchange haploid micronuclei but do not respond.
front 4 Dinoflagellate	back 4 Member of group of mostly unicellular photosynthetic algae with two flagella situated in perpendicular groves in cellulose plated covering the cell.

front 5 Diplomonad	back 5 A protist that has modified mitochondria, two equal-sized nuclei, and multiple flagella.
front 6 Euglenid	back 6 A protist, such as Euglena or its relatives, characterized by an anterior pocket from which one or two flagella emerge.
front 7 Euglenozoan	back 7 Member of a diverse clade of flagellated protists that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autographs, and pathogenic parasites.
front 8 Excavata	back 8 One of the 5 supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. Excavates have unique cytoskeletal features, and some species have an "excavated" feeding groove on one side of the cell body.

front 9 Foram (Foraminiferan)	back 9 An aquatic protist that secretes a hardened shell containing Calcium Carbonate and extends pseudopodia through pores in the shell.
front 10 Golden Algae	back 10 A biflagellated, photo synthetics protist named for its cool, which results from its yellow and brown carotenoids.
front 11 Green Algae	back 11 A photo synthetics protists names for green chloroplasts that are similar in structure and pigment composition to those of land plants. Green algae are a paraphyletic group, some of whose members are more closely related to land plants than they are to other algae.
front 12 Heteromorphic	back 12 Referring to a condition in the life cycle of plants and certain algae in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generation differ in morphology.

front 13 Holdfast	back 13 A rootlike structure that anchors a seaweed.
front 14 Isomorphic	back 14 Referring to alternating generations in plants and certain algae in which the sporophytes and gametophytes look alike, although they differ in chromosome number.
front 15 Kinetoplastid	back 15 A protists, such as a trypanosome, that has a single large mitochondrion that houses and organized mass of DNA.
front 16 Mixotroph	back 16 An organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy.

front 17 Opisthokont	back 17 Member of diverse clase Opisthokonta organisms that descended from am ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists.
front 18 Pseudopodium	back 18 A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.
front 19 Radiolarian	back 19 A protist, usually marine, with a shell generally made of silica and pseudopodia that radiate from the central body.
front 20 Red Algae	back 20 A photosynthetic protists, names for its color, which results from a red pigment that masks the green of chlorophyll. Most red algae are multicellular and marine.

front 21 Rhizaria	back 21 One of the 5 supergroups of Eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes; a morphologically diverse protists clade that is defined by DNA similarities.
front 22 Secondary Symbiosis	back 22 A process in eukaryotic evolution in which a heterotrophic eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell, which survived in a symbiotic relationship inside the heterotrophic cell.
front 23 Stipe	back 23 A stemlike structure of a seaweed.
front 24 Stramenophile	back 24 A protist in which a “hairy” flagellum (one covered with fine, hairlike projections) is paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum.

front 25 Thallus	back 25 The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter.
front 26 Unikonta	back 26 One of five supergroups of eukaryotes proposed in a current hypothesis of the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. This clade, which is supported by studies of myosin proteins and DNA, consists of amoebozoans and opisthokonts. See also Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, and Archaeplastida.