front 1 The structural and functional unit of life | back 1 Cell |
front 2 What are the common structures of all cells? | back 2 Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus |
front 3 The control center of the cell | back 3 Nucleus |
front 4 This is a lipid bilayer that separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid | back 4 Plasma membrane |
front 5 True or False: Interstitial fluid is extracellular fluid that surrounds cells | back 5 True. |
front 6 The plasma membrane is made up of what? | back 6 Phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol |
front 7 The phosphate heads of the plasma membrane are ________ and _________. | back 7 Polar, hydrophilic |
front 8 The fatty acid tails of the plasma membrane are ________ and ________. | back 8 Nonpolar, hydrophobic |
front 9 The _________ of the plasma membrane increases stability. | back 9 Cholesterol |
front 10 What are the types of proteins in the plasma membranes? | back 10 Integral and peripheral |
front 11 Integral proteins are _________, while peripheral proteins are ________. | back 11 Imbedded, free floating |
front 12 These types of proteins in the plasma membrane function as transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors | back 12 Integral proteins |
front 13 These types of proteins in the plasma membrane function as enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction; cell-to-cell connections | back 13 Peripheral proteins |
front 14 List the functions of plasma membrane proteins | back 14 Transport, receptors for signal transduction, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, enzyme activity, intercellular joining, and cell-to-cell recognition |
front 15 This makes up 20% of the outer membrane surface | back 15 Lipid rafts |
front 16 Lipid rafts contain: | back 16 Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol |
front 17 What is the "sugar covering" at the cell surface? | back 17 Glycolax |
front 18 This is what allows the immune system to recognize self from non-self, but cancerous cells change it continuously | back 18 Glycolax |
front 19 Cell junctions can be ______ (like blood cells and sperm cells), or ______. | back 19 Free, bound into communities |
front 20 What are the ways that cells are bound in communities? | back 20 Tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions. |
front 21 In what type of junction do adjacent proteins fuse to form an impermeable junction encircling the cell? | back 21 Tight junctions |
front 22 What type of junction has rivets or spot-welds that anchor cells together at plaques (thickenings on the plasma membrane)? | back 22 Desmosomes |
front 23 In what type of junction to transmembrane proteins form pores (connexons) that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell? | back 23 Gap junctions |
front 24 Where might you find gap junctions? | back 24 For spread of ions, simple sugars, and other small molecules between cardiac or smooth muscle cells |
front 25 This surrounds the cell and contains amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, waste product and water | back 25 Interstitial fluid |
front 26 Plasma membranes are _______ _________. | back 26 Selectively permeable |
front 27 What are the ways in which substances cross the plasma membrane? | back 27 Passive processes and active processes |
front 28 In this type of process, no ATP is required and substances move down the concentration gradient. | back 28 Passive |
front 29 In this type of process, ATP is required and it occurs only in living cell membranes | back 29 Active |
front 30 What are the types of passive transport? | back 30 Diffusion, filtration |
front 31 What are the types of diffusion? | back 31 Simple, carrier and channel-mediated, and osmosis |
front 32 This type of passive transport usually occurs across capillary walls | back 32 Filtration |
front 33 During diffusion, collisions cause molecules to move down or with their ________ __________. | back 33 Concentration gradient |
front 34 The speed of diffusion is influenced by __________ and ___________ | back 34 Molecule size and temperature. |
front 35 Molecules will passively diffuse through the membrane if they are _______ soluble. | back 35 Lipid |
front 36 Molecules will passively diffuse through the membrane if they are small enough or assisted by _________ __________. | back 36 Carrier molecules |
front 37 Which vitamins are water soluble? | back 37 Vitamins B and C |
front 38 Which vitamins are fat soluble | back 38 All other vitamins besides B and C |
front 39 Which lipophobic molecules require facilitated diffusion? | back 39 Glucose, amino acids, and ions |
front 40 During this type of facilitated diffusion, integral proteins assist and the binding of substrate causes shape change and then passage across the membrane. | back 40 Carrier-mediated diffusion |
front 41 During this type of facilitated diffusion, aqueous channels are formed by transmembrane proteins and selectively transport ions or water. | back 41 Channel-mediated diffusion |
front 42 These types of channels are always open. | back 42 Leaky |
front 43 These types of channels are controlled by chemical or electrical signals | back 43 Gated |
front 44 This type of passive process involves the movement of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane | back 44 Osmosis |
front 45 What is the measure of the total concentration of solute particles? | back 45 Osmolarity |
front 46 What is the back pressure of water on the membrane? | back 46 Hydrostatic pressure |
front 47 What is the tendency of water to move into cell by osmosis? | back 47 Osmotic pressure |
front 48 What is the ability of a solution to alter the cell's water volume? | back 48 Tonicity |
front 49 When a solution has the same amount of non-penetrating solute concentration as the cytosol (same amount inside and outside), it is called? | back 49 Isotonic |
front 50 When the solution has a higher non-penetrating solute concentration than cytosol (more solute outside), it is? | back 50 Hypertonic |
front 51 When the solution has a lower non-penetrating solute concentration than cytosol (more inside than out), it is ? | back 51 Hypotonic |
front 52 If there is more solute in the cell than outside the cell, water will move _______ the cell. | back 52 Into |
front 53 If there is more solute outside the cell than in the cell, water will move _______ the cell | back 53 Out of |