front 1 Prime movers/Agonists
(muscles) | back 1 - work "leader"
- muscles that produce a specific movement
**brachialis is the prime mover for forearm flexion |
| back 2 - work in opposition
- muscles that oppose particular movement
**triceps brachii is the antagonist for forearm flexion |
| back 3 - work together
- muscles that add force to a movement
muscles that reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement |
| back 4 - Location
- Shape of muscles
- Relative size of muscle
- Direction of muscle fibers
- Number of origins (heads)
- Location of origins and insertions
- Action |
| back 5 - front belly and the occipital belly
- muscle on top of your cranium |
| back 6 covers the forehead and dome of the skull
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of eyebros
Action: raises eye brows and wrinkles forehead skin |
| back 7 overlies posterior occipital bone; fixes galea oponeurotica
Origin: occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp backward |
| back 8 circular muscle around eye
Origin: frontal and maxillary bones
Insertion: tissue of eyelid
Action: blinks, squints, and draws eyebrows down |
| back 9 circular muscle around mouth
Origin: maxilla and mandible
Insertion: skin and muscles at angles of mouth
Action: closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, kisses and whistles |
front 10 Zygomaticus major and minor | back 10 muscles extending diagonally from cheek to corner of the mouth.
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at the corner of mouth
Action: smiles - brings the corber of the mouth toward the bone |
| back 11 V-shaped chin muscle
Origin: mandible
Insertion: skin of chin
Action: protrudes lower lip, wrinkles chin |
| back 12 horizontal muscle, DEEP to masseter (buckle cheek area)
Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: orbicularis oris
Action: draws corber of mouth laterally, compresses cheek, side-to-side movement - not really smiling |
| back 13 sheet-like superficial neck muscle
(turtle neck)
Origin: fascia of chest muscle
Insertion: lower mandible and corber of mouth
Action: depresses mandibles, pulls lower lip back and down |
| back 14 consist of three columns on each side of the vertebrae
Action: prime mover of back extension when contract together
Action: lateral bending when contract unilaterally
**Sit up straight <--uses both sides simultaneously |
| back 15 Diaphragm, external intercostals (11 pairs), internal intercostals (11 pairs) |
| back 16 11 pairs lie between 12 pairs of ribs
Action: elevate rib cage, aid in inspiration, synergists of diaphragm <-- INHALE
MORE SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES |
| back 17 11 pairs lie between 12 pairs of ribs; deep to external ones
Action: depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration
**antagonists to diaphragm and external intercostals
EXHALE |
front 18 Abdominal area and layers | back 18 Each layer has three areas - medial and sides
1st layer: Medial = aponeurosis; sides = external obliques
2nd layer: Medial = rectus abdominus; sides = internal obliques
3rd layer: Medial = aponeurosis; sides = transverse abdominis |
| back 19 largest and superficial lateral of the abdominal muscles, fibers run downward and medially
Connected to each other through the aponeurosis |
| back 20 deep to external oblique, fibers run upward and medially
A: when pairs contract simultaneously, aid in flexing and compressing abdominal wall
A: when acts individually, aid in truck rotation and lateral flexion |
| back 21 lateral muscles deep to internal oblique; fibers run horizontally
A: compresses abdominal contents |
| back 22 the only medial muscles - located in the second layer of abdominal area
8 sections, top two can be covered by Pectorals
A: flex and rotate lubar region of vertebral column, depress ribs |
| back 23 Anterior Thoracic cage
muscle on the lateral rib cage; deep to scapula.
Origin: ribs 1-8
Insertion: anterior surface of scapula
Action: prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest
**AKA - Boxer's muscle
zig-zag on the back, then cover the ribs |
| back 24 superficial muscle of posterior thoracic cage
Origin: occipital bone, C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: along acrominon and scapula and clavicle
Action: stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula <-- shoulder dhrug |
| back 25 broad, flat lower back muscle on the posterior thoracic cage
Origin: vertebrae and lower ribs
Insertion: humerus
Action: rotates arm medially; used in swimming and hammering
Action: **prime mover of arm extension and adduction <--from out at shoulder in to sides |
| back 26 thick, triangular muscle on posterior thoracic cage
Origin: clavicle, acromion and scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: prime mover of arm abduction <--to move arm out from side.
Action: antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi |
| back 27 Biceps Brachii, Bracialis, Brachioradialis |
| back 28 three-headed large muscle on the posterior arm
Origin: scapula and humerus
Insertion: proximal ulna
Action: prime mover of forearm extension, antagonist of brachialis and biceps brachii
**equivalent of brachialis on the backside |
| back 29 A pair of anterior pelvis muscles
Action: prime mover of hip or thigh flexion |
| back 30 Superficial thigh muscle running obliquely - anterior pelvis muscle
**longest muscle in the body
Origin: iliac spine
Insertion: tibia
Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; aka tailor's muscle
**Take a bow muscle |
| back 31 group of 4 muscles in the anterior thigh
-Rectus femoris - superficial straight muscle
-Vastus lateralis - forms lateral aspect of thigh
-Vastus medialis - forms medial aspect of thigh
-Vastus intermedius - covered by rectus femoris - a little bit of muscle a lot of aponeurosis
ACTION: a prime mover of knee extension |
| back 32 group of three medial muscles - run from the hip bone to the medial thigh
-Magnus adductor
-Longus adductor
-Brevis adductor
ACTION: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh |
| back 33 Group of three muscles located in the Posterior Thigh
Biceps femoris, Semiteninosus, semimembranosus
Origin: Ischium
Insertion: Tibia
Action: Prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion |
| back 34 lateral,two-headed muscle located in the hamstring-posterior thigh muscles |
| back 35 superficial medial smaller muscle located in the hamstring-posterior thigh muscles.
Visually appears half muscle and half tendon |
| back 36 medial; broader but deep to semitendonous.
located in the hamstring-posterior thigh muscles
Visually, a big chunk is covered by membrane |
| back 37 superficial anterior muscle in the leg
Origin: tibia
Insertion: Metatarsal bone
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion |
front 38 Extensor digitorum longus | back 38 Extensor = when you contract this muscle you extend something
digitorum = digits (toes)
longus = long
runs lateral to tibilas anterior
ACTION: prime mover of toe extension |
| back 39 most lateral leg muscle - includes longus and brevis sections
ACTION: dorsi flexes and everts foot |
| back 40 - superficial muscle with two prominent bellies
- calf muscle
- muscle goes halfway to calf then to its tendon.
ACTION: prime mover for plantar flexes when knee is extended; flexes knee when foot is dorsiflexed
**shares the achilles tendon with soleus |
| back 41 deep to gastrocnemius - part of the calf muscle
ACTION: prime mover for plantar flexes
**shares the achilles tendon with gastrocnemisu |