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62 notecards = 16 pages (4 cards per page)

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Anatomy & Physiology Lab 1: The Axial Skeleton

front 1

Three parts of the Axial skeleton

back 1

1.The Skull
2.The Vertebral Column
3.The Thoracic Cage

front 2

Cranial Bones

back 2

-encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue

front 3

Facial Bones

back 3

-supports the eyes and position them anteriorly
-provides attachment sites for facial muscles

front 4

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints called ____________.

back 4

Sutures

front 5

The mandible, or lower jawbone is attached to the rest of the skull by a _______________.

back 5

freely movable joint

front 6

Cranial Vault/Calvaria

back 6

-the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull

front 7

Cranial Base

back 7

-forms the skull bottom

front 8

What are the three distinct depressions of the cranial base?

back 8

1.Anterior cranial fossae
2.Middle cranial fossae
3.Posterior cranial fossae

front 9

Frontal Bone

back 9

-anterior portion of cranium
-forms the forehead

front 10

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

back 10

-opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

front 11

Glabella

back 11

-smooth area between the eyes

front 12

Parietal Bone (2)

back 12

-posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of the cranium

front 13

Sagittal Suture

back 13

-midline articulation point of the two parietal bones

front 14

Coronal Suture

back 14

-point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone

front 15

Temporal Bone

back 15

-inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull

front 16

What are the three major parts of the temporal bone?

back 16

1. Squamous part
-border the parietals
2.Tympanic part
-surrounds the external ear opening
3.Petrous
-forms the lateral portion of the skull base and contains the mastoid process

front 17

Squamous Suture

back 17

-point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone

front 18

Zygomatic Process

back 18

- bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly

front 19

Mandibular Fossa

back 19

-rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process
-forms the socket for the condylar process of the mandible
-where the mandible joins the lower cranium

front 20

External Acoustic Meatus

back 20

-canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

front 21

Styloid Process

back 21

-needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck

front 22

Jugular Foramen

back 22

-opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass

front 23

Carotid Canal

back 23

-opening medial to the styloid through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity

front 24

Internal Acoustic Meatus

back 24

-opening on posterior aspect (or petrous part) of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves

front 25

Foramen Lacerum

back 25

-jagged opening between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid providing passage for a number of small nerves and for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa

front 26

Stylomastoid Foramen

back 26

-tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium

front 27

Mastoid Process

back 27

-Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment site for muscles

front 28

Occipital Bone

back 28

-most posterior bone of the cranium

front 29

Lambdoid Suture

back 29

-site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones

front 30

Foramen Magnum

back 30

-large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

front 31

Occipital Condyles

back 31

-rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

front 32

Hypoglossal Canal

back 32

-opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve pass

front 33

External Occipital Crest and Protuberance

back 33

-midline prominences posterior to the foramen magnum

front 34

Sphenoid Bone

back 34

Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull.
-articulates with all the other cranial bones

front 35

Greater Wings

back 35

-portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits

front 36

Pterygoid Processes

back 36

-inferiorly directed trough-shaped projections from the junction of the body and the greater wings

front 37

Superior Orbital Fissures

back 37

-jagged openings in orbits provding passages for cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI to enter the orbit where they serve the eye

front 38

Sella Turcica

back 38

- saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline

front 39

Lesser Wings

back 39

-bat shaped portions of the sphenoid bone anterior to the sella turcica

front 40

Optic Canals

back 40

- openings in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) enter the orbits to serve the eyes

front 41

Foramen Rotundum

back 41

- opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of the fifth cranial nerve

front 42

Foramen Ovale

back 42

opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of the fifth cranial nerve.

front 43

Foramen Spinosum

back 43

opening lateral to the foramen ovale which the meningeal artery passes

front 44

Ethmoid Bone

back 44

irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid

front 45

Crista Galli

back 45

vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura meter, helping to secure the brain within the skull

front 46

Cribriform Plates

back 46

bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain

front 47

Perpendicular Plate

back 47

inferior projection of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior part of the nasal septum

front 48

Lateral Masses

back 48

irregularly shaped and thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally

front 49

Mandible

back 49

the lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporals in the only freely movable joints of the skull

front 50

Mandibular body

back 50

horizontal portion; forms the chin

front 51

Mandibular Ramus

back 51

vertical extension of the body on either side

front 52

Condylar Process

back 52

articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

front 53

Coronoid Process

back 53

jutting anterior portion off the ramus
-site of muscle attachment

front 54

Mandibular Angle

back 54

posterior point at which ramus meets the body

front 55

Mental Foramen

back 55

-prominent opening on the body that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw

front 56

Mandibular Foramen

back 56

-permis passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation

front 57

Alveolar Process

back 57

superior margin of the mandible, contains sockets in which the teeth lie

front 58

Maxillae

back 58

-two bones fused in a median suture
-forms the upper jawbone and parts of the orbits

front 59

Palatine Processes

back 59

-from the anterior hard palate; meets medially in the intermaxillary suture

front 60

Infraorbital Foramen

back 60

-opening under the prbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region

front 61

Lacrimal Bone

back 61

-fingernail sized bones forming part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid bone

front 62

Palatine Bone

back 62

-paired bones posterior to the palatine processes