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52 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Anatomy & Physiology Lab 1: Overview of the Skeleton

front 1

Skeleton

back 1

-the body's framework, composed of cartilage & bone
-in embryos the skeleton is predominantly made up of hyaline cartilage, replaced by more rigid bone.

front 2

Functions of the skeleton.

back 2

-supports and protects the body
-responsible for body movement
-bones store lipid and minerals
-site of hematopoiesis

front 3

Axial Skeleton

back 3

-bones that lie around the body's center of gravity

front 4

Appendicular Skeleton

back 4

-bones of the limbs or appendages

front 5

Articular cartilage

back 5

-covers bone ends at movable joints

front 6

Costal cartilage

back 6

-connects ribs to sternum

front 7

Laryngeal Cartilage

back 7

-constructs the larynx (voice box)

front 8

Tracheal & Bronchial Cartilage

back 8

-reinforce passageways of the respiratory system

front 9

Nasal Cartilage

back 9

-supports the external nose

front 10

Invertebral Discs

back 10

-separates and cushions bones of the spine

front 11

Perichondrium

back 11

-dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

front 12

Hyaline Cartilage

back 12

-provides sturdy support with some resilience
-most skeletal cartilage is hyaline cartilage

front 13

Elastic Cartilage

back 13

-more flexible than hyaline cartilage
-located in the external ear and epiglottis

front 14

Fibrocartilage

back 14

-consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers
-great tensile strength, can withstand heavy compression

front 15

Compact Bone

back 15

-smooth and homogenous

front 16

Spongy Bone

back 16

-composed of small bars of bones and lots of open space

front 17

Long Bones

back 17

-much longer than they are wide
-generally consists of a shaft with heads at either end
-predominantly composed of compact bone
-examples: femur & phalanges

front 18

Short Bones

back 18

-typically cube shaped
-contains more spongy bone than compact bone
-example: tarsal and carpals

front 19

Flat Bones

back 19

-generally thin with 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them
-many flat bones are curved

front 20

Irregular Bones

back 20

-bones that do not fall into any of the categories
-ex: vertebrae

front 21

Sesamoid Bones

back 21

-special types of short bones formed in tendons
-Example: patellas

front 22

Sutural Bones

back 22

-tiny bones between cranial bones

front 23

Tuberosity

back 23

-large rounded projection

front 24

Crest

back 24

-narrow ridge of bone

front 25

Trochanter

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-very large, blunt, irregulary shaped process

front 26

Line

back 26

-narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

front 27

Tubercle

back 27

- small rounded projection or process

front 28

Epicondyle

back 28

-raised area on or above a condyle

front 29

Spine

back 29

-sharp, slender, often pointed projection

front 30

Process

back 30

-any bony prominence

front 31

Head

back 31

-bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

front 32

Facet

back 32

-smooth, nearly flat articular surface

front 33

Condyle

back 33

-rounded articular projection

front 34

Ramus

back 34

-armlike bar of bone

front 35

Groove

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-furrow

front 36

Fissure

back 36

-narrow, slitlike opening

front 37

Foramen

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-round or oval opening through a bone

front 38

Notch

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-indentation at the edge of a structure

front 39

Meatus

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-canal like passageway

front 40

Sinus

back 40

-bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

front 41

Fossa

back 41

-shallow basin-like depression in a bone

front 42

Diaphysis

back 42

-the shaft of a bone
-composed of compact bone
-has a smooth surface

front 43

Periosteum

back 43

-fibrous membrane covering the bone

front 44

Perforating Fibers

back 44

-fibers of the periosteum that penetrates into the bone

front 45

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are found on the inner, or osteogenic layer of the _____________.

back 45

Periosteum

front 46

Epiphysis

back 46

-end of the long bong
-composed of a thin layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone

front 47

Epiphyseal Plate

back 47

-thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth

front 48

Medullary Cavity

back 48

-storage region for adipose tissue, or yellow bone marrow

front 49

Epiphyseal Lines

back 49

barely, discernible remnants

front 50

Central (Haversian) Canal

back 50

-runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
-carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels through the bony matrix

front 51

Osteons

back 51

the central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it

front 52

Canaliculi

back 52

-tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then lamella to lamella
-forms dense transportation networks through the hard bone matrix, connecting all the living cells of the osteon to the nutrient supply