front 1 Which of the following best describes vaccination? | back 1 An individual is exposed to a killed pathogen, an inactivated pathogen, or a component of a pathogen. The individual is protected from subsequent exposures to the pathogen because the adaptive immune system is stimulated to produce memory B cells and memory T cells, which protect from subsequent exposures |
front 2 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using live attenuated vaccines? | back 2 They are usually safer than other types of vaccines. |
front 3 What is an adjuvant? | back 3 a chemical additive that increases the effectiveness of vaccines |
front 4 What is the purpose of conjugated vaccines? | back 4 to enhance the immune response of children to polysaccharide antigens |
front 5 All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT | back 5 antibodies. |
front 6 A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE? | back 6 The patient was near someone who had the disease. |
front 7 A DNA plasmid encoding a protein antigen from West Nile virus is injected into muscle cells of a horse. This is an example of a(n) | back 7 nucleic acid vaccine. |
front 8 Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n) | back 8 antibody response against these bacterial toxins. |
front 9 What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens? | back 9 nucleic acid vaccine |
front 10 An injection of naked DNA into muscle cells to induce an immune response against the proteins encoded by the DNA is an example of a subunit vaccine. | back 10 False |
front 11 In a vaccine preparation, the term attenuated means that the agent does NOT replicate | back 11 False |
front 12 Vaccines are preparations of organisms or fractions of organisms that are used to induce protective immune responses. | back 12 True |
front 13 Which of the following statements about measles is FALSE? | back 13 The disease has been eradicated in the United States. |
front 14 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents? | back 14 They occasionally revert to virulent forms. |
front 15 Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n) | back 15 inactivated whole-agent vaccine. |
front 16 Live polio virus can be used in a(n) | back 16 attenuated whole-agent vaccine. |
front 17 Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n) | back 17 conjugated vaccine. |
front 18 Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n) | back 18 toxoid vaccine. |
front 19 A vaccine against HIV proteins made by vaccinia virus is a(n) | back 19 subunit vaccine. |
front 20 What type of vaccine is the live measles virus? | back 20 attenuated whole-agent vaccine |
front 21 Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n) | back 21 subunit vaccine. |
front 22 a reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a | back 22 precipation |
front 23 a substances added to a vaccine to increase its effectiveness | back 23 adjuvant |
front 24 a reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a | back 24 agglutination reaction |
front 25 hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a | back 25 subunit vaccine |
front 26 adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses | back 26 true |
front 27 a vaccine containing a live weakened microorganism | back 27 attenuated vaccine |
front 28 a vaccine containing microbes that have been killed | back 28 inactivated |
front 29 a vaccine that uses only those antigenic fragments of a microorganism that best stimulate an immune response | back 29 subunit |
front 30 a vaccine consisting of the desired antigen and other proteins | back 30 conjugated |
front 31 a vaccine made up of DNA, usually in the form of a plasmid | back 31 nucleic acid |
front 32 If penicillin G is chosen as the best treatment for a given infection, what microorganisms are most likely the cause? | back 32 gram-positive bacteria |
front 33 Why is it more difficult to treat viral infections than it is to treat bacterial infections? | back 33 Viruses use the host cell's processes to carry out their own reproduction. |
front 34 Sulfanilamides interfere with __________. | back 34 folic acid synthesis in bacteria |
front 35 consider a Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion assay. If you put penicillin and streptomycin disks adjacent to one another, the zone of inhibition is greater than that obtained by either disk alone. This is an example of __________. | back 35 synergism |
front 36 Which statement regarding tests for microbial susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents is FALSE? | back 36 The Kirby-Bauer test is useful because it can differentiate bacteriostatic effects from bactericidal effects. |
front 37 More than half of the antibiotics used today are produced by | back 37 Streptomyces species |
front 38 A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against | back 38 fungi. |
front 39 Antimicrobial peptides work by | back 39 disrupting the plasma membrane. |
front 40 In what way are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike? | back 40 Both are based on β-lactam. |
front 41 Which of the following antibiotics is NOT bactericidal? | back 41 polyenes |
front 42 The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome, as shown in the figure. The effect is to | back 42 interfere with the attachment of the tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex. |
front 43 A drug binds to the ribosome as shown in the figure. The effect is to | back 43 prevent peptide bond formation |
front 44 Which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic? | back 44 inhibition of protein synthesis |
front 45 Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria? | back 45 polymyxin |
front 46 More than half of our antibiotics are | back 46 produced by bacteria. |
front 47 Which of the following is mismatched? | back 47 Florey and Chain - identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin |
front 48 Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis? | back 48 flucytosine |
front 49 Which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections?
| back 49 3 and 4 |
front 50 Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis? | back 50 macrolides |
front 51 The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are | back 51 tetracyclines. |
front 52 Protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because | back 52 their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells. |
front 53 Which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE? | back 53 It is found only in gram-negative bacteria. |
front 54 Antiviral drugs target viral processes that occur during viral infection. | back 54 True |
front 55 Only microbes produce antimicrobial peptides. | back 55 False |
front 56 Penicillin and streptomycin are commonly used in syngerism because they display the same mode of action. | back 56 False |
front 57 Undergrowth of fungi after antibiotic use is commonly referred to as a superinfection. | back 57 False |
front 58 PABA serves as the competitive inhibitor in the action of sulfanilamides. | back 58 False |
front 59 Use of antibiotics in animal feed leads to antibiotic-resistant bacteria because | back 59 the antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria, but the few that are naturally resistant live and reproduce, and their progeny repopulate the host animal. |
front 60 Drug resistance occurs | back 60 when antibiotics are used indiscriminately. |
front 61 Which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus? | back 61 ethambutol – inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
front 62 In the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because | back 62 it undergoes lysis. |
front 63 Which of the following statements about drugs that competitively inhibit DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase is FALSE? | back 63 They cause cellular plasmolysis. |
front 64 Which of the following does NOT affect eukaryotic cells? | back 64 semisynthetic penicillins |
front 65 Community-acquired MRSA is typically more virulent than health care-associated MRSA. | back 65 True |
front 66 due to its target, rifamycins can be effective over a broad spectrum | back 66 true |
front 67 Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
| back 67 Streptomycin |