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Chapter 15

front 1

What do hyaluronidase and kinase have in common?

back 1

They are both enzymes involved in evading host defense.

front 2

According to your Concept Map, which of the following organisms exhibits antigenic variation?

back 2

N. gonorrheae

front 3

Which of the following virulence factors could directly prevent phagocytosis and/or phagocytic degradation?

back 3

all of the above- capsules, M proteins, waxy lipids.

front 4

In mice, the LD50 for staphylococcal enterotoxin is 1350 ng/kg, and the LD50 for Shiga toxin is 250 ng/kg. Which of the following statements is true?

back 4

Shiga toxin is more lethal than staphylococcal enterotoxin.

front 5

Which of the following would be an example of an infection initiated via the parenteral route?

back 5

An individual contracts hepatitis B from an accidental stick with a contaminated needle.

front 6

Which statement regarding endotoxins is true?

back 6

One consequence of endotoxins is the activation of blood-clotting proteins.

front 7

Which type of bacterial enzyme helps spread Streptococcus pyogenes by digesting blood clots?

back 7

fibrinolysin

front 8

In which of the following cases would the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay be used?

back 8

to ensure that a sterilized medical device is free of endotoxin

front 9

Which of the following toxins does NOT match the description?

back 9

Vibrio enterotoxin: a superantigen that destroys epithelial cells

front 10

Which disease would be potentially propagated in an environment without functional plumbing and in which drinking water is contaminated with sewage?

back 10

cholera

front 11

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

back 11

mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

front 12

The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the hosts antibodies is called

back 12

antigenic variation.

front 13

Most pathogens that gain access through the skin

back 13

enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts.

front 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

back 14

Coagulase destroys blood clots.

front 15

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

back 15

They are resistant to heat.

front 16

Endotoxins are

back 16

part of the gram-negative cell wall.

front 17

Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to

back 17

viral infections.

front 18

Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body.

back 18

True

front 19

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

back 19

False

front 20

Ergot and aflatoxin are toxins sometimes found in grains contaminated with fungi.

back 20

True

front 21

In A-B exotoxins, the A component binds to the host cell receptor so that the B component can enter the cell.

back 21

False

front 22

Cytopathic effects, such as inclusion bodies and syncytium formation, are the visible signs of viral infections.

back 22

True

front 23

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

back 23

True

front 24

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

back 24

transduction.

front 25

In response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes

back 25

a decrease in blood pressure.

front 26

Bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella produce invasins that bind host cells, thus causing the cells to

back 26

engulf the bacteria.

front 27

All of the following bacteria release endotoxin EXCEPT

back 27

Clostridium botulinum.

front 28

Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus. What portal of entry does polio virus use?

back 28

mucous membranes only

front 29

Which of the following is NOT a membrane-disrupting toxin?

back 29

A-B toxin

front 30

All of the following are methods of avoiding host antibodies EXCEPT

back 30

membrane-disrupting toxins.

front 31

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

back 31

Salmonella typhi.

front 32

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal enterotoxin is FALSE?

back 32

It is produced by Staphylococcus aureus growing in the host's intestines.