front 1 Organs of Digestive System | back 1 Mouth through esophagus
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front 2 Five Functions of Digestive System | back 2 1.Ingestion: selective intake of food
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front 3 Stages of Digestion | back 3 Mechanical digestion:
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front 4 Tissue Layers of GI Tract | back 4 Mucosa: -epithelium -lamina propria -muscularis mucosae
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front 5 Tissue Layers of GI Tract | back 5 |
front 6 GI Relationship to Peritoneum | back 6 -Only duodenum, pancreas and parts of large intestine are retroperitoneal
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front 7 Lesser and Greater Omentum | back 7 Lesser - attaches stomach to liver
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front 8 Enteric Nervous Control | back 8 -Able to function independently of CNS
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front 9 Regulation of digestive activities pic | back 9 |
front 10 Regulation of the Digestive Tract | back 10 -Motility and secretion of the digestive tract are controlled by neural, hormonal, and paracrine mechanisms
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front 11 Anatomy of Oral Cavity | back 11 |
front 12 Anatomy of tongue | back 12 |
front 13 The muscles of the tongue | back 13 -Intrinsic: produce tongue movements for speech
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front 14 Teeth anatomy | back 14 Alveolus—tooth socket in bone
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front 15 Tooth Structure | back 15 Periodontal ligament is modified periosteum
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front 16 Label parts of tooth structure | back 16 |
front 17 Chewing and Mastication | back 17 Breaks food into smaller pieces to be swallowed
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front 18 Composition and function of Saliva | back 18 Functions of saliva: moisten, begin starch and fat digestion, cleanse teeth, inhibit bacteria, bind food together into bolus
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front 19 Salivary Glands | back 19 Small intrinsic glands found under mucous membrane of mouth, lips, cheeks and tongue - secrete at constant rate
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front 20 Histology of Salivary Glands | back 20 Compound tubuloacinar glands
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front 21 Salivation | back 21 ~Cells filter water from blood and add other substances
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front 22 Pharynx | back 22 ~funnel that connects oral cavity to esophagus
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front 23 Esophagus | back 23 ~Straight muscular tube 25-30 cm long
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front 24 Swallowing (Deglutition) | back 24 ~Series of muscular contractions coordinated by center in medulla and pons
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front 25 Stomach Function | back 25 ~Mechanically breaks up food, liquifies food and begins chemical digestion of protein and fat
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front 26 Gross Anatomy of Stomach | back 26 ~Muscular sac (internal volume from 50ml to 4L)
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front 27 Unique features of stomach wall | back 27 Mucosa
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front 28 Cells of Gastric Glands in Stomach wall | back 28 1.Mucous cells: secrete mucus
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front 29 Gastric Cell Secretions | back 29 2 to 3 L of gastric juice/day =H2O, HCl and pepsin
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front 30 Functions of Hydrochloric Acid | back 30 ~Activates pepsin and lingual lipase
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front 31 Gastric Enzymes and Intrinsic Factor | back 31 Intrinsic factor – Parietal cells
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front 32 Chemical Messengers in Stomach | back 32 Many produced by enteroendocrine cells
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front 33 Roles of gastrin, GIP, Secretin, CCK, VIP | back 33 ~food in stomach stimulates Gastrin -> acid production and gastric motility
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front 34 Mode of Gastric Motility | back 34 ~Swallowing center signals stomach to relax
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front 35 Regulation of Secretion (phases 1 & 2) | back 35 Cephalic Phase
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front 36 Regulation of gastric secretion
| back 36 =duodenum regulates gastric activity through hormones and nervous
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front 37 What causes the enterogastric reflex? | back 37 -caused by acid and semi digested fats in duodenum |
front 38 Feedback control of Gastric Secretion | back 38 Positive feedback
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front 39 Liver Gallbladder and Pancreas | back 39 no data |
front 40 Gross Anatomy of Liver | back 40 -3 lb. organ located inferior to the diaphragm
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front 41 Microscopic anatomy of Liver | back 41 consists of several tiny cylinders called Hepatic Lobules:
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front 42 Function of Hepatocytes | back 42 -After a meal hepatocytes absorb from blood: glucose, amino acids, iron,
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front 43 Histolgy of Liver | back 43 3 Structures can be found in corner between lobules:
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front 44 Name ducts of Gallbladder, liver, and pancreas | back 44 -L and R Hepatic ducts from liver become common hepatic duct
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front 45 components of bile | back 45 Yellow-green fluid containing minerals, bile acids, cholesterol and bile pigment
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front 46 Gross Anatomy of Pancreas | back 46 -Retroperitoneal gland (peritoneum on their anterior side only) post. stomach
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front 47 Pancreatic Acinar Cells | back 47 -contain zymogens: trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
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front 48 Activation of Zymogens in pancreas | back 48 -trypsinogen,chymotypisnogen, and procarboxypepidase are released from pancreatic duct into duodenum
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front 49 Stimulating Hormones released from duodenum | back 49 1.CCK: released in response to arrival of acid and fat
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front 50 Parts of Small Intestine | back 50 1.Duodenum: curves around head of pancreas
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front 51 what contributes to large surface area at SI | back 51 1.large circular folds, plicae circulares ; part of mucosa and submucosa
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front 52 Microscopic anatomy of Villi | back 52 -a villus is covered with two kinds of cells:
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front 53 Intestinal Crypts | back 53 Located in small intestine
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front 54 Brunners Glands | back 54 aka duodenal glands
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front 55 Intestinal Motility: function and mechanism | back 55 Contractions of the small intestine serve three functions:
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front 56 Function of segmentation in SI | back 56 -purpose of segmentation is to mix and churn (not move) material along |
front 57 Peristalsis | back 57 -Gradual movement of contents toward colon
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front 58 Digestion in Oral Cavity | back 58 1. Salivary amylase - carbs/starch
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front 59 Digestion in Stomach | back 59 stimulus: anticipation of arrival of food
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front 60 Digestion in Small Intestine | back 60 -Stimulus: arrival of chyme in duodenum
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front 61 Absorption of starch derivatives in Intestinal Mucosa | back 61 -lactase, maltase, and sucrase at brush border facilitate diffusion of disacharides into cell body and convert to monosacharides
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front 62 Absorption of protein derivatives in intestinal mucosa | back 62 -carboxypeptidase at bush border continues to remove amino acids
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front 63 Absorption of Lipids | back 63 -fat enters duodenum as large glubules -> it is then broken into small emulsification droplets by lecithin and bile acids which coat the drops
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front 64 Absorption of Nucleic Acids, Vitamins, and Minerals | back 64 Nucleic Acids:
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front 65 What happens when body needs Ca | back 65 -Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to a drop in blood calcium levels
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front 66 Water Balance in Digestive System | back 66 -Digestive tract receives 9L of water/day
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front 67 Anatomy of Large Intestine | back 67 |
front 68 Microscopic anatomy of Large Intestine | back 68 1.Mucosa - simple columnar epithelium
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front 69 Bacterial Flora | back 69 -Populate the Large intestine
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front 70 Intestinal Gas | back 70 =Flatus
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front 71 Absorbtion and Motility in LI | back 71 -Transit time thru is 12-24 hours > reabsorbs water and electrolytes
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front 72 -Anal | back 72 -Anal canal is 3 cm in length
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front 73 Neural Control of Large Intestine | back 73 1. Filling the rectum -stimulates stretch receptors which send signals to spinal cord
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