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Chapter 4 Terms & Formulas

front 1

Q1. What is a probability experiment?

back 1

A probability experiment is chance process that leads to well defined outcomes.

front 2

Q2. Define sample space

back 2

A set of all possible outcomes from a probability experiment.

front 3

Q3. What is the difference between an outcome and an event?

back 3

An outcome is a result of a single trial from a probability experiment while an event is can consist of more than one outcome.

front 4

Q4. What are equally likely events?

back 4

Equally likely events have the same probability of occurring.

front 5

Q5. What is the range of the values of the probability of an event?

back 5

Range of the values 0 to 1 inclusive

front 6

Q6. When an event is certain to occur, what is its
probability?

back 6

The probability when an event is certain is: 1

front 7

Q7. If an event cannot happen, what value is assigned to its probability?

back 7

When an event can not happen, the value is assigned is: 0

front 8

Q8. What is the sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in a sample space?

back 8

The sum of all the outcomes in a sample space is: 1

front 9

Q9. If the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.20, what is the probability that it won’t rain tomorrow? Would you recommend taking an umbrella?

back 9

The probability that it won't rain tomorrow is 0.80. The probability that it won't rain is 0.80 more than the probability that it will rain - 0.2, so an umbrella won't be needed. Although it would be nice to have one in your car just in case - just saying.

front 10

Q10. Define mutually exclusive events.

back 10

If they cannot occur at the same time. (I.E. They have no outcomes in common).

front 11

Measures of average are also called

back 11

measures of
central tendency and include the mean, median, mode, and midrange.

front 12

The measures that determine the spread
of the data values are called

back 12

measures of variation, or measures of dispersion. These
measures include the range, variance, and standard deviation.

front 13

Finally, another set of measures is necessary to describe data. These measures are
called measures of position.

back 13

They tell where a specific data value falls within the data set
or its relative position in comparison with other data values. The most common position
measures are percentiles, deciles, and quartiles. These measures are used extensively in
psychology and education. Sometimes they are referred to as norms.

front 14

A statistic is

back 14

a characteristic or measure obtained by using the data values from a sample.

front 15

A parameter is

back 15

a characteristic or measure obtained by using all the data values from a
specific population.

front 16

The mean is

back 16

the sum of the values, divided by the total number of values. The symbol
represents the sample mean.

front 17

The median is

back 17

the midpoint of the data array. The symbol for the median is MD.