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Chapter 6

front 1 The term “apoptosis” is synonymous with: programmed cell death meiosis mitosis point mutation	back 1 programmed cell death
front 2 Which of the following gonadal radiation doses may cause permanent sterility in a human male? 0.01 Gy 1.0 Gy 2.0 Gy 6.0 Gy	back 2 6.0 Gy
front 3 Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation, but it is much more likely to happen after exposure to: low-LET radiation such as x-rays low-LET radiation such as gamma rays high-LET radiation such as alpha particles nonionizing radiation such as microwaves	back 3 high-LET radiation such as alpha particles
front 4 If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation, they can: become insensitive to future exposures from ionizing radiation overpopulate and become radioresistant remain in circulating blood indefinitely repopulate after a period of recovery	back 4 repopulate after a period of recovery

front 5 Neutrophils play an important role in: circulating blood through the human body clotting blood fighting infection preventing hemorrhage	back 5 fighting infection
front 6 Which of the following means the loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain? Aneuploidy Bleb Free radical Mutation	back 6 Mutation
front 7 Which of the following illustrates the radiation sensitivity of a particular type of cell? Epidemiologic data curve Extrapolation curve Dose-response curve Survival curve	back 7 Survival curve
front 8 While passing through a human cell, an x-ray photon interacts with and inactivates the cell’s master molecule. What is the consequence for the cell? Loss of all intracellular fluid Increased pressure on the cell membrane leading to immediate rupture Disruption of cell chemistry only Death	back 8 Death

front 9 _____ of the effects of x-radiation and gamma in macromolecules of living systems (in vivo) occur as a result of indirect action. None Very few Some Most	back 9 Most
front 10 As LET increases, the ability of ionizing radiation to cause biologic effects: also generally increases until it reaches a maximal value decreases considerably decreases slightly remains constant, not increasing or decreasing	back 10 also generally increases until it reaches a maximal value
front 11 Which of the following statements is true concerning patients who receive radiation exposure from a routine radiographic procedure such as a chest x-ray? Patients are expected to sustain appreciable damage to either the blood or the blood-forming organs as a consequence of the examination. Patients are not expected to sustain appreciable damage to either the blood or the blood-forming organs as a consequence of the examination. Patients are expected to sustain some damage to either the blood or the blood-forming organs as a consequence of the examination. Patients are expected to sustain total damage to either the blood or the blood-forming organs as a consequence of the examination resulting in fatality.	back 11 Patients are not expected to sustain appreciable damage to either the blood or the blood-forming organs as a consequence of the examination.
front 12 Which of the following is a scavenger-type of white blood cell that fights bacteria? Granulocytes Lymphocytes Neutrophils Thrombocytes	back 12 Granulocytes

front 13 The radiation dose required to produce mitotic death is: less than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells more than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells the same as the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells nonexistent as mitotic death cannot be produced in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells by ionizing radiation	back 13 less than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells
front 14 Which of the following groups of cells is most radiosensitive? Lymphocytes Adult nerve cells Erythrocytes Muscle cells	back 14 Lymphocytes
front 15 Which of the following groups of cells is least radiosensitive? Adult nerve cells Nerve cells in the embryo-fetus Lymphocytes Immature spermatogonia	back 15 Adult nerve cells
front 16 A periodic blood count is not recommended as a method for monitoring occupational radiation exposure because: 1. biologic damage from ionizing radiation cannot be determined from a blood test 2. biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in the blood count 3. a traditional blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate exposures of less than 10 cGy (10 rads) 1 only 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only	back 16 2 and 3 only

front 17 Based on current data, which of the following would be considered a safe radiation dose for the gonads of both males and females? 5 Gy 3 Gy 1 Gy 0 Gy	back 17 0 Gy
front 18 A biologic reaction is produced by 4 Gy (400 rad) of a test radiation. It takes 16 Gy (1600 rad) of 250-kVp x-rays to produce the same biologic reaction. What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of the test radiation? 2 4 8 12	back 18 4
front 19 Radiosensitivity of ova: remains constant throughout the lifetime of the germ cell varies considerably throughout the lifetime of the germ cell varies slightly throughout the lifetime of the germ cell is insignificant because the germ cell is not radiosensitive	back 19 varies considerably throughout the lifetime of the germ cell
front 20 One micron (mm) = _____ m. 10–6 10+6 10–3 10+3	back 20 10–6

front 21 Which of the following humans is most radiosensitive? A mature adult The embryo-fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy The fetus during the third trimester of gestation A 5-year-old child	back 21 The embryo-fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy
front 22 Which of the following is (are) considered low-LET radiation(s)? 1. X-rays 2. Alpha particles 3. Gamma rays 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only	back 22 1 and 3 only
front 23 The normal white blood cell count for an adult ranges from _____ to _____/mm3 of blood. 1000; 5000 3000; 6000 5000; 10,000 7000; 15,000	back 23 5000; 10,000
front 24 Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide? 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Muscle tissue 3. Nervous tissue in the adult 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3	back 24 2 and 3 only

front 25

OH* + OH* = __________.

H2O

HOH+

HOH–

H2O2

back 25

H2O2