front 1 Is supported by and makes sense of any osbservation | back 1 Theory |
front 2 Homologous to ancestors, or common ancestors | back 2 Vestigial |
front 3 Unique to a geographic area | back 3 Endemic species |
front 4 Is a graded change in a trait along geographic areas | back 4 Cline |
front 5 consists of the movement of alleles among populations
| back 5 Gene Flow |
front 6 describes how allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next
| back 6 Genetic Drift |
front 7 Sudden reduction in a population do to the environment changing | back 7 Bottle neck effect |
front 8 Few individuals from a larger population become isolated from that larger group and start there own population | back 8 Founder Effect |
front 9 Form of natural selection in which individuals with a certain inherit gene mate with another of the same have have successful mating | back 9 Sexual Selection |
front 10 Makes the difference between the sexes, in the secondary sexual characterstics | back 10 Sexual Dorphism |
front 11 Better chance at survival, and is most closely related to stabilizing selection | back 11 Heterozygous advantage |
front 12 The regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances | back 12 Catastrophism |
front 13 Studied Fossil record with catastrophism | back 13 Cuvier |
front 14 What did Darwin Study? | back 14 A mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence |
front 15 Why have giraffes developed longer necks over time? | back 15 Because trees got taller, and evolution to adapt with the environment |
front 16 What is natural selection based on? | back 16 Genetic variation exists within the population, best adopted longer lives is more offspring,(Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reporduce) |
front 17 Why is MRSA an example of artificial selection? | back 17 Because humans synthesis methacilin and create environment in which bacteria frequently come into contact with methicilin |
front 18 How would can you explain the fact that human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones and have developed from very similar embryonic tissues? | back 18 Common ancestors and homologos selection |
front 19 Why is acceptable to say all life on earth comes from a common origin? | back 19 All organisms are essentially the same genetic code |
front 20 Why are old fossils found vs newer fossils? | back 20 Deeper in the rock |
front 21 What are the three mechanisms that cause allele/gene frequency change? | back 21 Natural Selection, Genetic drift, and gene flow |
front 22 What in an Organisms genes is most likely to help the organism respond properly to changes in its environment? | back 22 Natural Selection |
front 23 is 52% of loci are heterozygous on average how many are homozygous? | back 23 48% |
front 24 Why can't natural selection fashion perfect organisms? | back 24 1.Selection can only act on existing variations
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front 25 Briefly explain what Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium means and what type of population it describes. | back 25 1.There are no Mutations
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front 26 List and Describe the various mechanisms help to preserve genetic variation in a population. | back 26 Heterozygous advantage-Maintains two alleles between individuals
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front 27 List and describe the 3 modes of selection | back 27 1. Directional selection- favors individuals at one end of the phenotype range
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front 28 Favors Indivudals at one end of the phenotpye range | back 28 Directional Selection |
front 29 favors both individuals at the extreme ends of the phentype | back 29 Disruptive selection |
front 30 favors the intermediate phenotypes and acts against the extreme phenotypes | back 30 Stabilizing selection |
front 31 Evolutions above the species level | back 31 Macroevolution |
front 32 Region in which members of different species reproduce hybrid offspring | back 32 Hybrid zone |
front 33 group of a population, that from 1 split into 2 | back 33 Speciation |
front 34 List and describe the species concepts | back 34 States a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and reproduce fertile offspring |
front 35 Punctuated equilibrium model | back 35 describes the periods of apparent stasis punctuated by a sudden change |
front 36 what are the Prezygotic Barriers? | back 36 habitat isolation
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front 37 Two species encounter each other rarely, or not at all, because they occupy different habitats, even though not isolated by physical barriers | back 37 habitat isolation |
front 38 Species that breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix their gametes | back 38 Temporal isolation |
front 39 Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers | back 39 behavioral isolation |
front 40 Morphological differences can prevent successful mating | back 40 Mechanical isolation |
front 41 Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species | back 41 Gametic isolation |
front 42 What is the possible outcome when closely related species meet in the hybrid zone? | back 42 They reinforce the hybrids and diffuse into a single population |
front 43 Analogous structures that evolve independently | back 43 Homoplasy |
front 44 Much evolutionary change in genes and has no effect on fitness and is not influence by selection | back 44 neutral theory |
front 45 What are the taxonomical levels | back 45 domain, kingdom. phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
front 46 What would the best classification system be based on? | back 46 Evolutionary History |
front 47 what did the use of computers and software enable scientist to better study in the field of phylogeny? | back 47 The research of trees that are parsimonious and likely |
front 48 In a cladistic approach to systematic, what is the most important for classification? | back 48 Shared derived characteristics |
front 49 Why would species that are not closely related and that do not share many anatomical similarities still be placed together on the same phylogentic tree? | back 49 Homologous genes that are highly conserved |
front 50 What would allow a gene to act as a molecular clock? which would not allow a gene to act as a molecular clock? | back 50 When its not acted upon and when it is mutated |
front 51 Come from a common ancestor | back 51 Homology |
front 52 Homoplasy, analogous structures | back 52 Homoplasies |
front 53 Similarities and convergent evolution | back 53 analogous |
front 54 decent with modification | back 54 evolution |
front 55 modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits | back 55 artificial selection |
front 56 Consists of all the alleles for all loci in a population | back 56 gene pool |
front 57 Differential success in reproduction results in certain alleles being passed to the next generation in greater proportions
| back 57 Natural Selection |
front 58 is the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals | back 58 Relative fitness |
front 59 the fitness of a phenotype declines if it becomes too common in the population | back 59 Frequency-dependent selection |