front 1 What is an electrolyte? | back 1 ions that are released when inorganic compounds dissociate and that conduct an electrical current in solution. |
front 2 Which is the most abundant cation in the ICF? | back 2 potassium |
front 3 Which is the most abundant cation in the ECF? | back 3 sodium |
front 4 Which of the following hormones causes the conservation of sodium in the kidneys? | back 4 aldosterone |
front 5 What represents the largest volume of water lost each day under normal physiological conditions? | back 5 urine |
front 6 When water losses outpace water gains, ___________ occurs. | back 6 dehydration |
front 7 What is the term for an abnormally high concentration of sodium in the ECF? | back 7 hypernatremia |
front 8 What is the term for an abnormally low concentration of potassium in the ICF? | back 8 hypokalemia |
front 9 An abnormally high level of what electrolyte could be caused by hyperparathyroidism and would result in kidney stones, confusion, muscle pain, and cardiac arrhythmias? | back 9 Calcium |
front 10 What is the term for a substance that opposes a change in pH in a solution and can either remove or replace hydrogen ions? | back 10 buffer |
front 11 Which of the following is a volatile acid and is produced from the combination of carbon dioxide and water? | back 11 carbonic acid |
front 12 What is the normal pH of ECF? | back 12 7.35–7.45 |
front 13 Hypercapnia, or an elevation of carbon dioxide in the blood, is a sign of __________. | back 13 respiratory acidosis |
front 14 Hyperventilation causes __________. | back 14 respiratory alkalosis |
front 15 Prolonged vomiting and loss of stomach acid cause __________. | back 15 metabolic alkalosis |
front 16 What might be a response to respiratory acidosis? | back 16 increased respiratory rate |
front 17 Order of composition in the body | back 17 Proteins, lipids, Minerals, Carbohydrates, Misc |
front 18 What is the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of arteriole blood vessels called? | back 18 blood pressure. |
front 19 Where is the juxtoglomerullar apparatus found? | back 19 in the Bowman's Capsule |
front 20 When angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction what does it do? | back 20 increase blood pressure |
front 21 What is continuously low GFR an indication of? | back 21 kidney damage |
front 22 Which hormone is initially released in response to a low GFR? | back 22 renin |
front 23 What is the total concentration of all solute particles in a solution,measured as moles of solute per liter of water? | back 23 osmolarity |
front 24 What is a measure of the particles in a given volume of solute that predicts whether osmosis will occur? | back 24 osmolality |
front 25 Match the following symptoms with the corresponding disorder: alkalosis, anorexia. | back 25 Hypochloremia |
front 26 If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF, water will move __________. | back 26 from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored |
front 27 What is the most abundant cation in the ICF? | back 27 potassium |
front 28 What are the two important effects of increased release of ADH? | back 28 reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center |
front 29 Match the following symptoms with the corresponding disorder: muscle weakness, cramps. | back 29 Hypomagnesemia |
front 30 What does Atrial natriuretic peptide do? | back 30 blocks ADH release, reduces thirst, and blocks aldosterone release. |
front 31 What are the principal ions in the extracellular fluid (ECF)? | back 31 sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate |
front 32 What hormones play(s) a role in mediating fluid and electrolyte balance? | back 32 Atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, ADH, and parathormone |