front 1 Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the | back 1 renal capsule |
front 2 The apex of the renal pyramid is called the | back 2 The apex of the renal pyramid is called the |
front 3 The major calyces of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the | back 3 renal pelvis |
front 4 The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the | back 4 Nephron |
front 5 Order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron | back 5 1,5,3,4,2 |
front 6 The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the | back 6 glomerulus |
front 7 The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the __________ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule. | back 7 Distal tube |
front 8 Collectively, the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the | back 8 filtration membrane |
front 9 The part of a nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle is the | back 9 proximal tube |
front 10 The __________ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney. | back 10 vasa recta |
front 11 order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through | back 11 afferent arteriole , efferent arteriole, pertibular capillaries, interlobal vein, arcuate vein |
front 12 The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the | back 12 trigone |
front 13 Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the | back 13 external urinary sphincter |
front 14 Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron is called | back 14 tubular secretion |
front 15 The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called | back 15 tubular reabsorption |
front 16 The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the | back 16 renal fraction |
front 17 The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the | back 17 filtration fraction |
front 18 Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane? | back 18 hemaglobin |
front 19 Of the filtrate that enters the nephron, about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation? | back 19 99% |
front 20 A decrease in plasma proteins results in | back 20 decreased colloid osmotic pressure |
front 21 As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water moves __________ the nephron, and solutes move __________ the nephron. | back 21 out of, into |
front 22 During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ . | back 22 cotransport, facilitated diffusion |
front 23 The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is __________ to water. | back 23 impermeable |
front 24 The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is | back 24 65% |
front 25 The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by | back 25 ADH |
front 26 At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest? | back 26 bottom of the loop of Henle |
front 27 Renal tubules are __________ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration in the tubules __________ . | back 27 less, increases |
front 28 Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ . | back 28 collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle |
front 29 Juxtaglomerular cells secrete | back 29 Renin |
front 30 Drinking a large amount of beer results in | back 30 decreased urine osmolality, and increased urine volume |
front 31 Angiotensin II causes | back 31 Increased ADH secretion, increased thirst, increased salt appetite, and increased peripheral resistance. |
front 32 When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will | back 32 appear in the urine. |
front 33 After urine is produced in the kidney, it leaves the kidney via the: | back 33 Ureters |
front 34 The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the __________. | back 34 Nephron |
front 35 Which vessel delivers blood directly to the glomerular capillaries? | back 35 Afferent arterioles |
front 36 Fluid (filtrate) that has moved through the proximal tubule then moves into what part of the nephron? | back 36 Descending limb of the loop of Henle |
front 37 The descending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to __________, but not to __________. | back 37 water; solutes |
front 38 n the juxtaglomerular apparatus, what cells monitor and respond to changes in the osmolarity (or electrolyte concentration) of the filtrate in the tubules | back 38 Macula densa cells |
front 39 The proximal tubule cells are highly permeable to __________. | back 39 water AND solutes |
front 40 The late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct contain two functional types of cells. Which cells change their permeability in response to hormones? | back 40 Principal cells |
front 41 The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to ____________, but not to ____________. | back 41 solutes; water |
front 42 The renal corpuscle consists of two parts, the glomerular capillaries and __________. | back 42 Bowman's capsule |