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Microbiology Ch 1-4

front 1

(CH2O)n

back 1

carbohydrates

front 2

1 micro-meter organism

back 2

prokaryote

front 3

2 types of prokaryotic cells.....bacteria & archaea........how are different & simular?

back 3

Simular- they both possess prokaryotic cells diff- They have different chemicals in their cell walls.

front 4

10nm organism

back 4

virus

front 5

ability to distinguish between two points

back 5

resolution

front 6

alcohol decolorizer

back 6

alcohol-acetone

front 7

algae

back 7

Cell wall made of cellulose, photosynthetic

front 8

allow a cell to survive

back 8

endospore

front 9

Archaea

back 9

Prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall

front 10

Baccili-

back 10

rod shaped

front 11

Bacteria

back 11

Cell wall made of peptidoglycan

front 12

bond between electron donor and acceptor

back 12

ionic bond

front 13

bond between H and O in H2O

back 13

covalent bond

front 14

bond between molecules of water

back 14

hydrogen bond

front 15

capitalized in a scientific name

back 15

genus

front 16

causes diseases

back 16

pathogenic

front 17

cell wall of chitin

back 17

Fungi

front 18

chemical process

back 18

dehydration or synthesis

front 19

chemical process that creates smaller molecules

back 19

hydrolysis or digestion

front 20

chemical reactions in a cell

back 20

metabolism

front 21

CHONPS

back 21

Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Sulfur

front 22

Coccus-

back 22

spherical

front 23

coined the word vaccination to honor another scientist

back 23

Pasteur

front 24

contains 3 fatty acids and glycerol

back 24

triglycero

front 25

contains amino and carboxyl group

back 25

protein

front 26

Corkscrew or curved

back 26

spiral

front 27

decomposition of molecules and synthesis of new molecules from their subunits

back 27

exchange reaction

front 28

Describe 2 types of endocytosis

back 28

phagocytosis-used by WBC to destroy bacteria & foreign substances.pinocytosis-the plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along w/whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid.

front 29

Determine atoms reactivity

back 29

valence

front 30

Developed vaccination against smallpox

back 30

Jenner

front 31

Diplo-

back 31

2

front 32

Discovered Penicillin

back 32

Flemming

front 33

Disproved spontaneous generation

back 33

Pasteur

front 34

EID's

back 34

emerging infectious disease

front 35

encloses cytoplasm

back 35

plasma membrane

front 36

endospores is called

back 36

sporogenesis

front 37

engulfing of large particles through plasma membrane

back 37

endocytosis

front 38

Even though the germ theory of disease was not demonstrated until 1876, why did Semmelweis (1840) and Lister (1867) argue for the use of aseptic techniques?

back 38

Though the theory was not completely known, Semmelweis and Lister observed healthier or more positive results from their patients with their new procedures.

front 39

Explained fermentation

back 39

Pasteur

front 40

Find at least three supermarket products made by microorganisms. (Hint: The label will state the scientific name of the organism or include the word culture, fermented, or brewed.)

back 40

Yogurt, beer, cheese.

front 41

first stain in gram stain

back 41

crystal violet

front 42

First to use disinfectants in surgical procedures

back 42

Lister

front 43

Formation of new cell from an endospore is

back 43

germination

front 44

formed by shared electrons

back 44

covalent bond

front 45

forms secondary structure of proteins

back 45

Hydrogen bond

front 46

Fungi

back 46

cell wall made of chitin

front 47

Giraffes, termites, and koalas eat only plant matter. Since animals cannot digest cellulose, how do you suppose these animals get nutrition from the leaves and wood that they ingest?

back 47

The animals have cellulose-degrading bacteria in specialized stuctures in the digestive tracts.

front 48

had monomers of amino acids

back 48

protein

front 49

has membrane bound nucleus

back 49

Eukaryote

front 50

have DNA or RNA

back 50

virus

front 51

Helminths

back 51

Multicellular cells

front 52

Helminths belong to this kingdom

back 52

Animal

front 53

helps a stain stick to an organism

back 53

mordant

front 54

How did the theory of biogenesis led the way for the germ theory of disease?

back 54

Koch would then be able to hypothesize what may be causing a disease (a living organism) enabling him to conjecture what he should observe in a sick host.

front 55

In Gram stain, one step could be omitted and still allow between gram-positive and gram-negative cells. What is that one step?

back 55

Step 1 can be omitted. Safranin can be omitted.

front 56

includes bacteria and archea

back 56

prokaryote

front 57

inorganic compound

back 57

water

front 58

last name is a scientific name

back 58

species

front 59

lens in the eyepiece

back 59

ocular

front 60

lens in the nosepiece

back 60

objective

front 61

light silhouette of organism seen against dark background

back 61

darkfield microscope

front 62

main component of plasma membrane

back 62

phospholipid molecule

front 63

maximum magnification 2000x

back 63

light micropscope

front 64

microscope with greatest magnification and resolution

back 64

darkfield micrscope

front 65

molecule that releases hydrogen ions

back 65

acid

front 66

mono, polysaccharides

back 66

carbohydrate

front 67

monomer of nucleic acid

back 67

nucleotide

front 68

most common microscope in microbiology

back 68

light microscope

front 69

passive diffusion that requires transporter proteins

back 69

facilitated diffusion

front 70

People believed all microbial disease would be controlled during the twentieth century. List three reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.

back 70

Microorganisms are ubiquitous; it would take a great effort to catalogue all the species.Microorganisms mutate into different strains; thus new diseases are created. With the leaps of technology, people may now engineer new strains.

front 71

polypeptide

back 71

Protein

front 72

products revert to reactants

back 72

reversible reaction

front 73

Prokaryote with cell wall of peptidoglycan

back 73

Bacteria

front 74

protect bacteria from antibiotics

back 74

biofilms

front 75

protozoa

back 75

unicellular, complex cell structure lacking a cell wall

front 76

proved that microorganisms can cause disease

back 76

Koch

front 77

provides some protection from phagocytes

back 77

glycocalyx

front 78

red stain used in acid-fast process

back 78

carbofuchsin

front 79

rod-like

back 79

Bacilli

front 80

selective permeability

back 80

plasma membrane

front 81

site of protein synthesis

back 81

ribosomes

front 82

smallest unit of life

back 82

cell

front 83

smallest unit of matter

back 83

atom or element

front 84

Staphylo-

back 84

cluster

front 85

Strepto-

back 85

chain

front 86

sugar, cellulose, chitin

back 86

Carbohydrates

front 87

Strepto-

back 87

chain

front 88

Tetrad-

back 88

4

front 89

The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga Micromonas. What is the minimum number of organelles this alga must have?

back 89

Nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast, flagellum

front 90

transports a substance down the concentration gradient

back 90

simple diffusion

front 91

transports a substance from a lower to a higher concentration

back 91

active transport

front 92

Unicellular prokaryote living in extreme environments

back 92

Archaea

front 93

used for motility

back 93

flagella

front 94

Used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent

back 94

Elrich

front 95

used to keep a sterile environment

back 95

aseptic techniques

front 96

utilizes UV source

back 96

fluorescence microscope

front 97

Viruses

back 97

not composed of cells

front 98

weakest bond

back 98

Hydrogen bond

front 99

What happens to the relative amount of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane when E.Coli grown at 25 C are then grown at 37 C?

back 99

The amount of unsaturates decreases, and the amount of saturated lipids increases

front 100

when E. Coli..........Which requires ATP?

back 100

increases intracelluar solute concentration bringing it closer to that of the hyperosmotic excellular environment & thus reducing the severity of plasmolysis.