A Conceptual Model is a:

Structure to organize conecpts

This is scientific theory in nursing; the purpose of which is to describe, explain, predict, and control nursing action to achieve certain nursing practice outcomes

Nursing theory

What is a "construct"?

A group of concepts

She is considered the first "theorist" as she investigated the impact of the environment on healing. She came up with the concept that fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and good nutrition were important to the healing process

Florence Nightingale

She came up with the Self-Care Deficit Model which was implemented to help restore a patient's self-care capacity

Dorothea Orem

She came up with the theory of cultural care diversity whereas the nurse will integrate the patient's cultural condition, values, and beliefs into the plan of care.

Madeline Leininger

What are these considered: person, health, environment/situation, nursing, caring, and society?

Concepts of basic nursing

This is the essence of nursing.

Caring

This is recipient of nursing care and includes the individual patient, family, group and community

Person

This is the "state of complete physical, social and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease of infirmaty". It is influenced by each individual's sense of self

Health

This is a group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with each other.

Society

These are the conditions that affect the patient and the setting in which their health care needs occur. This may include the home, school, workplace, community, or culture.

Environment/Situation

This is a place where where the patient can integrate and synthesize information in a supportive, caring environment.

Learning environment

This is a practice discipline of knowledge based on the humanistic value of caring who's goal is to support, sustain, and strengthen a person in their unique process of being and becoming.

Nursing

These demonstrate concepts with a picure or visual representation of ideas. They clarify and show relationships between complex concepts

Schematic models

What are the five C's of caring?

Competence, conscience, compassion, commitment, and confidence

What is the first level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological: anything physical an organism needs to survive

Maslow's second level in his hierarchy of needs is what?

Safety needs

The third level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is what?

Love and belonging

What is Maslow's forth level in his hierarchy of needs?

Esteem and Value

What is Maslow's highest level of need in hierarchy pyrimid?

Self-Actualization

She deveoloped the Caring Theory

Ann Boykin

This is having knowledge and skills to respond appropriately to the demands of the profession and its responsibilities

Competence

This is the mutual trust and respect fostered through a caring relationship.

Confidence

This is the participation in the experience of another whether it is in sharing joys, accomplishments, pain, sorrow, or suffering.

Compassion

This deals with moral awareness and grows out of a process of valuing self and others.

Conscience

This reflects a convergence of desires and obligations and requires an investment in self as a person or a career.

Commitment

This was described by B.A. Carper as the means by which student nurses acquire and develop knowledge by using nursing process, critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making.

Patterns of knowing

Knowing and encountering self and others through an interpersonal process and encompassing the value of self-awareness and intuition in nursing practice.

Personal knowing

This incorporates factual, descriptive, and theoretical explanation from nursing and related disciplines. It comes from the body of scientific knowledge: chemistry, biology, psychology, ect.

Empirical knowing

This is an exploration and formulation of personal moral values in order to analyze choices of what is morally right and morally wrong in a nursing situation.

Ethical knowing

This could be considered the are of "just knowing" something is going to help the patient that draws some the emotional value laden experiences of life.

Aesthetic knowing

What are Mayeroff's ingredients of caring?

Honesty, trust, humility, hope, and courage

The U.S. government set national health care goals in 1979 with the publication of what report?

Healthy People Documents

The goal of this report is to attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death by promoting a quality of life through healthy development and healthy behaviors.

Healthy People Report

A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

Illness

This involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms. It is influenced by many variables and must be considered by the nurse when planning care.

Illness behavior

This can have an impact on behavior and emotions, body image, self-concept, family roles, and family dynamics.

Illness on a patient and family

This is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.

Health promotion

This level of prevention is true prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develope

Primary

This level of prevention focuses on those who have a disease or are at a risk to develope a disease

Secondary

This level of prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible

Tertiary

These are variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident

Risk Factors

Genetic and physiological factors, age, environment and lifestyle

Risk factors that threaten or influence health practices

Risk factor modification has five phases, what are they?

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

This phase of risk factor modification shows that a patient in not intending to make changes within the next 6 months.

Precontemplation phase

This phase of risk factor modification shows the patient considering making a change within the next 6 months

Contemplation phase

This phase of risk factor modification shows the patient making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month

Preparation

This phase of risk factor modification shows the patient actively engaged in the strategies to change behavior; this lasts at least 6 months.

Action phase

This phase of risk factor modification shows the patient has sustained change over a period of time. This begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinately.

Maintenance phase

Providing active listening, asking about perceived barriers, assisting the patient in establishing goals and reinforcing the process of change are:

Techniques in patient lifestyle change teaching strategies

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development has the child developing basic trust and realizing that people are dependable when their parents present consistent, adequate, and nurturing care.

Stage 1 age 0-1 Hope/ Basic Trust vs. Mistrust/ Dependency or Paranoia

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development has the child developing a sense of will which helps them accomplish and build self-esteem as parents guide them gradually yet firmly while using praise and accepting attempts at autonomy?

Stage 2 age 2-3/ Will/ Obsessive/Impulsive or Avoidant

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development shows young adults attempting to develop identity and fidelity by resolving crisis

Stage 5 age 13-19/Fidelity/ Identity vs Role Confusion/ Identity Diffusion or Fanaticism

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development has a person discovering intimacy as the ability to be close, and have a loving, vulnerable relationship with friends or romantic partners.

Stage 6 age 20-24/ Love/ Intimacy vs Isolation/ Promiscuity or Exclusion

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development has a person showing a strong sense of creativity and success. Having "made a mark" in society they develop generativity and are concerned with the next generation.

Stage 7 age 25-64/Care/ Generativity vs Stagnation/ Stagnation or Overextension

Which one of Erickson's psychosocial stages of development entails facing the ending of life and accepting successes and failures, ageing, and loss.

Stage 8 age 65-?/ Wisdom/ Ego Integrity vs Despair/ Presumption or Disdain

This kind of theory is systematic, broad in scope, complex, and requires further specification through research.

Grand theories

This type of theory is more limited in scope, less abstract, reflects practice (administration, clinic, teaching), and focuses on a specific field of nursing.

Middle-range theory

This type of theory is the first level of theory development. It describes, explains, relates, and predicts phenomenon and why it has occurred, and describes the consequences.

Descriptive theory

This type of theory addresses nursing interventions for phenomenon. It is action oriented and tests validity and predictability.

Prescriptive theory

These type of theories explain a systematic view of a phenomenon specific to discipline or inquiry.

Interdisciplinary theories

This theory is made up of components to help organize and deliver patient centered care

Systems theory

This is data or information from patient assessments.

Input

This is the end product of the a systems theory

Output

This informs the system how to function, helps refine a plan of care, includes information from family members and includes consultation from other health care professionals.

Feedback

This is the product and information obtained from a system

Content

This type of theory uses a variety of well-tested theoretical models

Developmental theory

This type of theory uses theoretical models to predict or explain a patient response

Psychological theory

Her theory focused on the interpersonal relationship between the nurse, the patient, and the patient's family.

Hildegard Peplau

Her theory focused on assisting the patient to get back to performing activities they were able to do prior to becoming ill.

Virginia Henderson

Her theory focuses on patient self-care and increasing their ability to meet their own needs independently.

Dorthea Orem

Her theory is based on patient reaction to stress and the patient can be an individual, group, family, or community

Betty Neuman

Five concepts that interact with each other in Betty Neuman's theory are:

Physiological, psychological, sociological, developmental, and spiritual

Model theory shows that the patient is an adaptive system and the goal is to help the patient adapt to change in their physiological needs.

Roy's adaptation model

Her theory defines the outcome of nursing activity in regard to humanistic aspects and requires nurses to be knowledgeable about human behaviors and their response to health problems.

Jean Watson

Benner and Wrubel's theory show that real nursing is a "caring art" base on what?

Ethics