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chapter 25

front 1

The broad pattern of evolution above the species level

back 1

Macroevolution

front 2

What are the four main stages through which simple cells were first produced

back 2

1. Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules (amino acids and nitrogenous basis)
2.joining of small molecules into macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids)
3. Packing into protocells
4. Self replicating

front 3

Droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of their surroundings

back 3

Protocells

front 4

What was earths early atmosphere like?

back 4

Reducing environment (electron adding)

front 5

Why was it unclear if early earth was to be reducing?

back 5

Because it wasn't known if there was enough ammonia and methane

front 6

What must all organisms be able to carry out?

back 6

Reproduction and metabolism

front 7

Fluid filled compartments bounded by a membrane like strucutre

back 7

Vesicle

front 8

RNA catalysts

back 8

Ribozymes

front 9

Technique for dating the age of fossils based on the decay of radioactive isotopes

back 9

Radioactive dating

front 10

Time required for 50% of the parent isotope to decay

back 10

Half life

front 11

What are the first two eons of earths history?

back 11

Archean and protozoic

front 12

The last half billion years encompassing most of the time that animals have exisisted on earth

back 12

Phanerozoic

front 13

What are the three subdivisions of the Phanerozoic time period?

back 13

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

front 14

Are layered rocks that form when certain prokaryotes bind thin films of sediment togather

back 14

Stromatolites

front 15

What are some of the more complex organizations that eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don't?

back 15

Nuclear envelope, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton

front 16

Posits that mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger cells

back 16

endosymbiont theory

front 17

Supposes that mitochondria evolved before plastids through a series of endosymbiotic events

back 17

Serial endosymbiosis

front 18

Many present day animal phyla appear suddenly in fossils formed early in the Cambrian period

back 18

Cambrian explosion

front 19

What are the 5 big mass extinctions?

back 19

Permian, cretaceous,

front 20

Periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities

back 20

Adaptive radiations

front 21

An evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events

back 21

heterochrony

front 22

If reproductive organ development accelerates compared to other organs, the sexually mature stage of a species may retain body features that were juvenile in ancestral species

back 22

paedomorphosis

front 23

When a structure that has evolved in one context becomes co-opted for another purpose

back 23

Exaptations