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Chapter 12 A&P

front 1 After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin—but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______. the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex the stroke caused damage to Joe's left premotor cortex based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions	back 1 based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions
front 2 A patient reports that she has become completely deaf—she can't hear anything. Thorough tests on her ears indicate that her ears have not been damaged. Additional tests reveal that her deafness has been caused by damage to her ______. primary somatosensory cortex auditory association area somatosensory association cortex None of the listed responses is correct.	back 2 None of the listed responses is correct.
front 3 At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______. parietal lobe frontal lobe temporal lobe premotor cortex	back 3 frontal lobe
front 4 Which of the following hypothalamic control centers would you predict is the LEAST important for survival? suprachiasmatic nucleus autonomic control center temperature control center thirst center	back 4 suprachiasmatic nucleus

front 5 Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains. True False	back 5 t
front 6 The RAS is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system. True False	back 6 f
front 7 The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate. True False	back 7 t
front 8 The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant. True False	back 8 t

front 9 The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain. True False	back 9 t
front 10 The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the foramen of Monro. True False	back 10 f
front 11 A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei. True False	back 11 t
front 12 Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres. True False	back 12 f

front 13 The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space. True False	back 13 t
front 14 One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing. True False	back 14 t
front 15 Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus. True False	back 15 f
front 16 Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain. True False	back 16 t

front 17 Nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, and VII are found in the ________. midbrain pons cerebrum medulla	back 17 pons
front 18 The arbor vitae refers to ________. flocculonodular nodes the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum cerebellar white matter cerebellar gray matter	back 18 cerebellar white matter
front 19 The brain stem consists of the ________. cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla midbrain only midbrain, medulla, and pons pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain	back 19 midbrain, medulla, and pons
front 20 The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. parietal lobe temporal lobe prefrontal lobe frontal lobe	back 20 temporal lobe

front 21 What cells line the ventricles of the brain? epithelial cells astrocytes neurons ependymal cells	back 21 ependymal cells
front 22 The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. medulla midbrain cerebrum pons	back 22 medulla
front 23 Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres? lateral fissure longitudinal fissure parieto-occipital fissure central fissure	back 23 longitudinal fissure
front 24 Which of the following best describes the cerebrum? visceral command center decussation center executive suite motor command center	back 24 executive suite

front 25 A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________. gyrus sulcus furrow fissure	back 25 sulcus
front 26 Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex? The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas. Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function. No functional area of the cortex works alone.	back 26 The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
front 27 The central sulcus separates which lobes? temporal from parietal frontal from parietal frontal from temporal parietal from occipital	back 27 frontal from parietal
front 28 Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex? unmyelinated axons cell bodies fiber tracts dendrites	back 28 fiber tracts

front 29 Which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei? initiating protective reflex actions inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements regulating attention and cognition controlling starting and stopping movements	back 29 initiating protective reflex actions
front 30 Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. ganglia gyri fissures sulci	back 30 gyri
front 31 The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. lateral sulcus central sulcus cranial fossa longitudinal fissure	back 31 lateral sulcus
front 32 Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. supplementary and cerebellar-pontine pyramidal and corticospinal segmental and nigrostriatal extrapyramidal and rubrospinal	back 32 pyramidal and corticospinal

front 33 Broca's area ________. is considered a motor speech area corresponds to Brodmann's area 8 serves the recognition of complex objects is usually found in the right hemisphere	back 33 is considered a motor speech area
front 34 Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? prefrontal cortex limbic association area posterior association area combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex	back 34 prefrontal cortex
front 35 The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. alcohol nutrients such as glucose anesthetics metabolic waste such as urea	back 35 metabolic waste such as urea
front 36 All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. cingulate gyrus caudate nucleus hippocampus amygdaloid nucleus	back 36 caudate nucleus

front 37 The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________. thalamus limbic system reticular formation pyramids	back 37 reticular formation
front 38 Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________. loss of proprioception loss of body temperature control pathologic sleep production of excessive quantities of urine	back 38 loss of proprioception
front 39 Important nuclei of the indirect (multineural) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________. superior colliculi vestibular nuclei reticular nuclei red nuclei	back 39 vestibular nuclei
front 40 Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________. Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease spinal cord disease cerebellar disease	back 40 Parkinson's disease

front 41 Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? red nuclei gustatory cortex postcentral gyrus Wernicke's area	back 41 red nuclei
front 42 White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________. corticospinal tracts cerebral cortex corpus callosum outer portion of the spinal cord	back 42 cerebral cortex
front 43 Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________. spinal cord rubrospinal tracts primary motor cortex premotor cortex	back 43 premotor cortex
front 44 Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex? A B C D	back 44 D

front 45 Region A includes which of the following? Pre-frontal cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Broca's area Primary motor cortex	back 45 Pre-frontal cortex
front 46 The groove indicated by C is the _____________. central sulcus post-central gyrus longitudinal fissure transverse fissue	back 46 central sulcus
front 47 Which of the following is NOT associated with region B? conscious control of skeletal muscles origin of corticospinal tracts cell bodies of pyramidal neurons post-central gyrus	back 47 post-central gyrus
front 48 The cortical regions indicated by E are involved in which functions? The control centers for homeostatic and endocrine functions. The production and interpretation of language. The generation of emotional responses. The storage of motor patterns for skilled movements of skeletal muscles.	back 48 The production and interpretation of language.

front 49 The letter A in the above figure represents which of the following structures? medulla thalamus midbrain hypothalamus	back 49 thalamus
front 50 What structure is indicated by B? association fibers lateral ventricles pyramidal tracts corpus callosum	back 50 corpus callosum
front 51 Which of the following describes the specific projection fibers indicated by C? upper motor neurons third-order sensory neurons lower motor neurons first-order sensory neurons	back 51 upper motor neurons
front 52 Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain. True False	back 52 t

front 53 The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter, internal white matter, and the superior and inferior colliculi. True False	back 53 f
front 54 Commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon. True False	back 54 f
front 55 Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"? lentiform nucleus suprachiastmatic nucleus dorsomedial nucleus subthalamic nucleus	back 55 suprachiastmatic nucleus
front 56 If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ________. cranial nerves would not form telencephalon would cease development hindbrain would not be present spinal cord may be affected	back 56 spinal cord may be affected

front 57 Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location. Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and reflexes. Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible. Damage to the primary visual cortex results in functional blindness.	back 57 Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and reflexes.
front 58 The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. visceral sensory area gustatory cortex vestibular cortex olfactory cortex	back 58 visceral sensory area
front 59 Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" for all brain activity? cerebral cortex cerebellum diencephalon brain stem	back 59 cerebral cortex
front 60 Which parts of the brain constitute the "emotional brain" known as the limbic system? diencephalic and brain stem structures cerebral and diencephalic structures cerebral and brain stem structures diencephalic and mesencephalic structures	back 60 cerebral and diencephalic structures

front 61 Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres? association fibers internal capsules projection fibers commissures	back 61 commissures
front 62 Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex? thalamus mesencephalon hypothalamus pons	back 62 thalamus
front 63 Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus? relay station for the special senses visceral control center of the body somatic motor control center gateway to the cerebellum	back 63 visceral control center of the body
front 64 Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning? medulla oblongata midbrain pons reticular formation	back 64 medulla oblongata

front 65 Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate somatic motor output so that smooth, well-timed movements occur? diencephalon pons thalamus cerebellum	back 65 cerebellum
front 66 The middle primary brain vesicle, the mesencephalon, gives rise to which adult brain structure? diencephalon cerebrum medulla oblongata midbrain	back 66 midbrain
front 67 Which of the following is true of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain? The longitudinal fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum. The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass. Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by elevated ridges called sulci. Nearly the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres is marked by shallow grooves called gyri.	back 67 The cerebral hemispheres account for about 83% of total brain mass.
front 68 Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of functional areas within the cerebral cortex? visual areas sensory areas association areas motor areas	back 68 visual areas

front 69 Which of the following are motor areas of the cerebral cortex that lie in the posterior part of the frontal lobes and control voluntary movement? Broca's area; posterior association area; auditory areas; visual areas primary motor cortex; premotor cortex; Broca's area; frontal eye field primary somatosensory cortex; somatosensory association cortex; visual areas primary motor cortex; premotor cortex; prefrontal cortex; gustatory cortex	back 69 primary motor cortex; premotor cortex; Broca's area; frontal eye field
front 70 Which of the following areas of the brain is responsible for spatial discrimination? vestibular cortex gustatory cortex Broca's area primary somatosensory cortex	back 70 primary somatosensory cortex
front 71 Which of the following areas of the brain controls voluntary movement of the eyes? primary visual cortex frontal eye field visual association area gustatory cortex	back 71 frontal eye field
front 72 Parkinson's disease results from degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the __________. reticular formation substantia nigra basal nuclei hypothalamic nuclei	back 72 substantia nigra

front 73 Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? regulation of body temperature emotional responses regulation of food intake secretion of the hormone melatonin	back 73 secretion of the hormone melatonin
front 74 __________ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state. Sleep apnea Epilepsy Narcolepsy Syncope	back 74 Narcolepsy
front 75 Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________. do not understand written communications, but they can speak clearly and intelligibly do not understand language can communicate through writing or sign language, but they cannot speak can understand language, but have difficulty speaking	back 75 can understand language, but have difficulty speaking
front 76 Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution? periosteal layer of the dura mater pia mater arachnoid mater meningeal layer of the dura mater	back 76 pia mater

front 77 Select the true statement regarding first-order neurons. First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. First-order neurons have cell bodies in the thalamus. First-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. First-order neuron cell bodies reside in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.	back 77 First-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.
front 78 During an epileptic seizure, the triggering of convulsions would not directly involve the uncontrolled activity of neurons located in the ______. pyramidal tracts primary motor cortex thalamus medulla oblongata	back 78 thalamus
front 79 Which of the following is a characteristic of a coma but is NOT a characteristic of sleep? absence of brain waves ("flat EEG") irreversible brain damage continuously reduced mitochondrial activity in brain neurons All of the listed responses are correct.	back 79 continuously reduced mitochondrial activity in brain neurons
front 80 Which of the following does not occur during a narcoleptic sleep episode? increased heart rate REM sleep increased oxygen use increased gastrointestinal activity	back 80 increased gastrointestinal activity

front 81 In anterograde amnesia ______. there is an inhibition of afferent inputs to the cerebral cortex LTM (long term memory) is not disrupted communication between the medial temporal lobe and the association cortex remains unaffected declarative memory is not significantly altered	back 81 LTM (long term memory) is not disrupted
front 82 NREM sleep normally exhibits four distinct stages, which appear to alternate. True False	back 82 T
front 83 A flat EEG is a good indication of deep sleep. True False	back 83 F
front 84 The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing. True False	back 84 True

front 85 Nondeclarative memories preserve the circumstances in which they are learned. True False	back 85 F
front 86 Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano? declarative motor emotional procedural	back 86 procedural
front 87 Declarative memory ________. is hard to unlearn when learned once is the ability to learn specific information usually involves motor skills is best remembered in the doing	back 87 is the ability to learn specific information
front 88 Which statement is not true? Stage 4 sleep increases in old age. Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age. Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep. Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night.	back 88 Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.

front 89 Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate? Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and is often severely disabling. During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked. Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor. The aura in tonic-clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.	back 89 Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
front 90 Which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children? Beta Theta Delta Alpha	back 90 Theta
front 91 The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________. long-term memory rehearsal automatic memory Association	back 91 Association
front 92 REM sleep is associated with ________. decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure	back 92 temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm

front 93 Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory? medulla hippocampus prefrontal cortex thalamus	back 93 medulla
front 94 Which statement about coma is true? Coma is neurologically identical to syncope. Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma. Coma is a form of deep sleep. During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.	back 94 Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
front 95 __________ forms a liquid cushion for CNS structures. The pia mater Cerebrospinal fluid The dura mater The blood-brain barrier	back 95 Cerebrospinal fluid
front 96 __________ is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain in which beta-amyloid peptide deposits and neurofibrillary tangles appear and that ultimately results in dementia (mental deterioration). Alzheimer's disease mad cow disease Parkinson's disease Huntington's disease	back 96 Alzheimer's disease

front 97 During meningitis, which of the following is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain? pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater arachnoid villi	back 97 pia mater
front 98 Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons. True False	back 98 False
front 99 Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain. True False	back 99 T
front 100 The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges? arachnoid and dura arachnoid and epidura arachnoid and pia dura and epidura	back 100 arachnoid and pia

front 101 Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid? glucose protein red blood cells potassium	back 101 red blood cells
front 102 Which of the following is not a function of the CSF? reduction of brain weight initiation of some nerve impulses protection from blows nourishment of the brain	back 102 initiation of some nerve impulses
front 103 Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? swelling hemorrhage concussion contusion	back 103 concussion
front 104 What CNS associated structure is illustrated in this figure?	back 104 choroid plexus

front 105 Which protective covering of the brain provides passageways for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to drain into the superior sagittal sinus? arachnoid mater membranous part of the dura mater periosteal part of the dura mater pia mater	back 105 arachnoid mater
front 106 In general, information flows from sensory receptors to the appropriate primary sensory cortex. True False	back 106 True
front 107 The term cerebral dominance designates the hemisphere that is dominant for language. True False	back 107 True
front 108 Which of the following is not a site where a tumor is likely to cause hydrocephalus? fourth ventricle cerebral aqueduct pia mater subarachnoid space	back 108 pia mater

front 109 Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________. lower motor neurons upper motor neurons neuromotor junction spinal nerve roots	back 109 upper motor neurons
front 110 An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. lateral geniculate body calcarine cortex visual association area primary visual area	back 110 visual association area
front 111 Mrs. Sagalov has recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What clinical symptoms is she likely to show? She will show increasing cognitive deficits, including difficulties with memory and attention, and personality changes such as irritability, moodiness, and confusion. She will show wild, jerky, and continuously "flapping" movements, and mental deterioration. She will show a persistent tremor, forward-bent walking posture, shuffling gait, and stiff facial expression. She will show difficulty in communicating, forming relationships with others, and responding appropriately to the environment. She will show visual disturbances, problems controlling muscles, speech disturbances, and urinary incontinence.	back 111 She will show increasing cognitive deficits, including difficulties with memory and attention, and personality changes such as irritability, moodiness, and confusion.
front 112 A patient is admitted to the rehabilitation unit five days after having a stroke. The nurse assesses his muscle strength and determines that he has right-sided weakness. Based on this assessment data, what part of the brain was injured? There was damage to localized areas of the premotor cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. There was damage to localized areas of the prefrontal cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. There was damage to localized areas of the primary motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere. There was damage to localized areas of the primary motor cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. There was damage to localized areas of the premotor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere.	back 112 here was damage to localized areas of the primary motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere.

front 113 Which of the following regions of the brain provides the precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction for the smooth, coordinated movements and agility that are needed for our daily living? medulla oblongata pons midbrain cerebellum	back 113 cerebellum
front 114 Emotional state, rehearsal, association, and automatic memory are all factors that affect the transfer of information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM). True False	back 114 T
front 115 Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. True False	back 115 T
front 116 The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2. True False	back 116 T

front 117 Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other. True False	back 117 T
front 118 Spinocerebellar tracts ________. terminate in the spinal cord give rise to conscious experience of perception are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum	back 118 carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
front 119 Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________. sympathetic ganglia the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord the thalamus	back 119 the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
front 120 Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________. posterior spinothalamic anterior spinothalamic lateral spinothalamic reticulospinal	back 120 lateral spinothalamic

front 121 The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers myelinated nerve fibers only soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers unmyelinated nerve fibers only	back 121 myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
front 122 An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. spinal shock only quadriplegia hemiplegia paraplegia	back 122 paraplegia
front 123 Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________. somatosensory cortex medulla thalamus spinal cord	back 123 thalamus
front 124 Death from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis usually results from respiratory infection secondary to compromised respiratory function. Why? When the impulses to the ciliated cells are inhibited, the ciliary escalator no longer functions, causing respiratory infection. The reflexes in the respiratory system for expelling particles will no longer function due to damage to the dorsal horn motor neurons, causing respiratory infection. It is actually more common for the person to die from paralysis of the muscles controlling breathing than from respiratory infection. When the lungs have difficulty fully expanding, secretions may develop, causing respiratory infection.	back 124 When the lungs have difficulty fully expanding, secretions may develop, causing respiratory infection.

front 125 Which of the following is NOT a feature of the major spinal cord tracts (pathways)? somatotopy memory decussation relay	back 125 memory
front 126 What part of the spinal cord represents the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal? lumbar enlargement cervical enlargement conus medullaris cauda equina	back 126 cauda equina
front 127 The hypothalamus is the area where afferent impulses from all senses and all parts of the body are sorted out and then relayed to the appropriate area of the sensory cortex. True False	back 127 F
front 128 Which of the following is the LEAST likely to be structurally affected if spina bifida develops in a fetus? cauda equina roots of sacral spinal nerves sacrum laminae of thoracic vertebrae	back 128 laminae of thoracic vertebrae

front 129 In spina bifida, the cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop. True False	back 129 F
front 130 What process is indicated by the arrow on the right?	back 130 formation of cerebro-spinal fluid
front 131 Where is the illustrated structure located?	back 131 in each ventricle
front 132 Which type of glial cells are shown in this figure?	back 132 ependymal cells

front 133 The neural fibers connecting structure A to the cerebral cortex can be described by which of the following?	back 133 third-order sensory neurons
front 134 Which of the following accurately describes the collection of spinal cord tracts illustrated in the figure?	back 134 ascending tracts
front 135 Which of the following describes the nerve fibers indicated by the letter A?	back 135 first-order sensory neurons
front 136 What type of receptor is indicated by the letter B?	back 136 proprioceptor

front 137 What function is most closely associated with the spinal cord tract indicated by the letter C?	back 137 coordination of skeletal muscle movements
front 138 The fiber tracts indicated by the letter D will terminate in the ______.	back 138 thalamus
front 139 What descending pathway originates at the position indicated by the leader line?	back 139 pyramidal tracts
front 140 Many of the descending fibers indicated in this figure cross over (decussate) to the opposite side of the body in which of the following?	back 140 medulla

front 141

The descending fibers in the figure provide for which of the following functions?

back 141

conscious control of skeletal muscle