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Chapter 8 A&P

front 1 Which of the following is a true statement? The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula. The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.	back 1 The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
front 2 All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight. T F	back 2 F
front 3 Which structure is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue? A B C D	back 3 D
front 4 Tendon sheaths ________. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue are extensions of periosteum act as friction-reducing structures help anchor the tendon to the muscle	back 4 act as friction-reducing structures

front 5 A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint. T F	back 5 T
front 6 Most joints of the body are classified as ________ joints. fibrous cartilaginous synovial immovable	back 6 synovial
front 7 Which joint in the figure is capable of multiaxial movement? A B C D E F	back 7 A
front 8 Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________. bursae ligaments tendons menisci	back 8 bursae

front 9 Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction. T F	back 9 T
front 10 Fibrous joints are classified as ________. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular	back 10 sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
front 11 Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports an intermittent low-grade fever. She asks the nurse if she is going to be "crippled." How should the nurse respond? RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain. RA results in the formation of bony spurs that enlarge the bone ends, restrict joint movement, and cause pain. RA arthritis is due to the accumulation of crystals in the joints that impair movement of the joint and cause extreme pain. Not all cases of RA result in fluid accumulation, swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain.	back 11 RA is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain.
front 12 Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes T F	back 12 F

front 13 Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? the patellar ligament the lateral patellar retinacula the extracapsular ligament the medial patellar retinacula	back 13 the patellar ligament
front 14 The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements. T F	back 14 F
front 15 All three joints in the below figure are classified as ______. fibrous joints synovial joints cartilaginous joints	back 15 fibrous joints
front 16 Which of the following does NOT represent a structural classification of joints? fibrous cartilaginous synovial diarthrosis	back 16 diarthrosis

front 17 In a sprain, the ________ of a joint are stretched or torn. bones tendons muscles ligaments	back 17 ligaments
front 18 he only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion. T F	back 18 F
front 19 Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton. Interphalangeal joint of the finger. Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.	back 19 Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
front 20 Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior.. T F	back 20 T

front 21 Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on ________. their location the shape of their articular surfaces the amount of synovial fluid found in the joint cavity their size	back 21 the shape of their articular surfaces
front 22 A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. T F	back 22 T
front 23 Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of synovial joints? a fluid-filled joint cavity bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage reinforcing ligaments bone ends united by fibrocartilage	back 23 bone ends united by fibrocartilage
front 24 Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths? Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether. Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints.	back 24 Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.

front 25 Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? It contains lactic acid. It contains enzymes only. It contains hydrochloric acid. It contains hyaluronic acid.	back 25 It contains hyaluronic acid.
front 26 The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. prevent hyperextension of the knee tend to run parallel to one another are also called collateral ligaments attach to each other in their midportions	back 26 prevent hyperextension of the knee
front 27 The MAIN contributors to hip joint stability are __________. the rotator cuff muscles the muscle tendons that cross the joint the bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint the deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments	back 27 the deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments
front 28 The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints. hinge plane pivot condyloid	back 28 plane

front 29 The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability. T F	back 29 T
front 30 Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints? All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth. Joints develop in parallel with bones. By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints. Joints develop independent of bone growth.	back 30 Joints develop in parallel with bones.
front 31 The joints indicated by the arrows in C and D are distinguished from those indicated in A and B by the presence of which of the following tissues? spongy bone fibro-cartilage elastic cartilage compact bone	back 31 fibro-cartilage
front 32 Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint? articular capsule articular cartilage joint cavity tendon sheath	back 32 tendon sheath

front 33 In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________. fibrocartilage tendon sheaths synovial membranes hyaline cartilage	back 33 hyaline cartilage
front 34 The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement. T F	back 34 T
front 35 The generalized model for the structural type of joint illustrated shares the LEAST number of features with which of the following? knee joint intervertebral joint intercarpal joint elbow joint	back 35 intervertebral joint
front 36 The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________. cruciate ligaments tibial collateral ligaments anterior ligaments patellar ligaments	back 36 cruciate ligaments

front 37 Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior. T F	back 37 T
front 38 Which joint moves only by a uniaxial movement around its own axis? F B C D	back 38 B
front 39 Pointing the toes is an example of ________. circumduction protraction plantar flexion pronation	back 39 plantar flexion
front 40 Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa. T F	back 40 F

front 41 Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion. T F	back 41 T
front 42 Tendon sheaths ________. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue are extensions of periosteum act as friction-reducing structures help anchor the tendon to the muscle	back 42 act as friction-reducing structures
front 43 Which type of joint allows opposition? pivot joint saddle joint condylar joint hinge joint	back 43 saddle joint
front 44 Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity shape of the articulating surfaces number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments	back 44 amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity

front 45 What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called? abduction dorsiflexion inversion adduction	back 45 abduction
front 46 Which of these joints would be functionally classified as diarthrotic? A B C None of the listed responses is correct.	back 46 None of the listed responses is correct.
front 47 On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? symphysis pivot synchondrosis syndesmosis	back 47 syndesmosis
front 48 Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? A)Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. B)An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head. C)Gliding movements are multiaxial. D)Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.	back 48 Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

front 49 If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________. medial rotation of an extended knee lateral rotation of an extended knee forward sliding of the tibia on the femur forward sliding of the femur	back 49 forward sliding of the tibia on the femur
front 50 When a person makes a pinching motion with their thumb and forefinger they are performing a movement called ________. A)dorsiflexion B)supination C)retraction D)opposition E)elevation	back 50 opposition
front 51 Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. T F	back 51 T
front 52 Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer? lyme disease bursitis gouty arthritis rheumatoid arthritis	back 52 lyme disease

front 53 Which of the following is a hinge joint? A B F D	back 53 F
front 54 The arrows in B and C point to structures that can both be described as a ______. ligament bone muscle tendon	back 54 ligament
front 55 Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? hinge joint symphysis synchondrosis suture	back 55 hinge joint
front 56 Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction. T F	back 56 T

front 57 Which joint in the above figure is limited to nonaxial gliding movements? C F E D	back 57 E
front 58 Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________. lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella	back 58 lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
front 59 The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints. hinge plane pivot condyloid	back 59 plane
front 60 Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________. extension hyperextension flexion circumduction	back 60 hyperextension

front 61 Synarthrotic joints ________. have large joint cavities permit essentially no movement are found only in adults are cartilaginous joints	back 61 permit essentially no movement
front 62 The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. nonaxial uniaxial biaxial multiaxial	back 62 multiaxial
front 63 The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________. feet hands arms hands and the feet	back 63 feet
front 64 Fluid-filled fibrous sacs lined with a synovial membrane and occurring where ligaments, muscles, and tendons rub together are called ________.	back 64 bursae

front 65 In the classification of joints, which of the following is true? In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable. All synovial joints are freely movable.	back 65 All synovial joints are freely movable.
front 66 Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton. Interphalangeal joint of the finger. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges. Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.	back 66 Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
front 67 Which of the following refers to a joint that is immovable? amphiarthrosis synarthrosis diarthrosis synovial	back 67 synarthrosis
front 68 Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Syndesmoses Gomphoses Synchondroses Sutures	back 68 Synchondroses

front 69 Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. synovial joints diarthroses amphiarthroses synarthroses	back 69 amphiarthroses
front 70 The synovial membrane ________. covers and protects the articulating bone surfaces lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule reinforces the joints so that the opposing bones are not pulled apart functions as a cushion between opposing bones	back 70 lines the inside of the fibrous joint capsule
front 71 Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired? uniaxial joint: permits only slipping or gliding movements nonaxial movement: no movement biaxial joint: permits movement in one plane and around one axis multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes	back 71 multiaxial movement: movement in all three planes and around all three axes
front 72 The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity. T F	back 72 T

front 73 Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? They allow movement only in one plane. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. They allow movement in several planes. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.	back 73 They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
front 74 Which of the joints will eventually develop into a synostosis? A B C D	back 74 A
front 75 Which ligament would one tap to generate the knee-jerk reflex? patellar ligament tibial collateral ligament oblique popliteal ligament anterior cruciate ligament	back 75 patellar ligament
front 76 Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? Gomphoses Synchondroses Syndesmoses Sutures	back 76 Synchondroses

front 77 Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility. T F	back 77 F
front 78 What is the most important stabilizing factor for most synovial joints? the shape of the articular surfaces the size of the reinforcing ligaments muscle tone synovial fluid	back 78 muscle tone
front 79 Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result? suprapatellar oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate	back 79 medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
front 80 Which movement increases the angle between articulating bones? flexion adduction supination extension	back 80 extension

front 81 The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. are also called collateral ligaments attach to each other in their midportions prevent hyperextension of the knee tend to run parallel to one another	back 81 prevent hyperextension of the knee
front 82 Which type of movement occurs at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints? rotation uniaxial movement gliding movement opposition	back 82 gliding movement
front 83 Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact? structure and shape of the articulating bone strength and tension of joint ligaments arrangement and tension of the muscles number of bones in the joint	back 83 number of bones in the joint
front 84 Structure C and D collectively form which of the following? articular capsule synovial membrane ligament bursae	back 84 articular capsule

front 85 Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination. T F	back 85 F
front 86 Which of the following are CORRECTLY paired? synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones syndesmoses: bony edges interlock gomphoses: articulating bones are separated by a fluid containing cavity suture: bones connected exclusively by ligaments	back 86 synchondrosis: a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
front 87 The thumb joint indicated by C mediates which of the following special movements? elevation opposition inversion dorsiflexion	back 87 opposition
front 88 A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________. syndesmosis suture gomphosis symphysis	back 88 symphysis

front 89 Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones joints that permit angular movements interphalangeal joints amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility	back 89 cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
front 90 Which of the following statements regarding the joints between the ribs and sternum is correct? All joints between the ribs and sternum are classified as synovial joints. The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synarthrotic; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are diarthrotic. This joint is labeled B in the figure. All joints between the ribs and sternum are classified as cartilaginous joints. The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synchondroses; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are symphyses.	back 90 The joints between the first ribs and sternum are synarthrotic; the joints between the other ribs and sternum are diarthrotic. This joint is labeled B in the figure.
front 91 Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________. rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint common due to the weight bearing the hip endures rare because of the ligament reinforcement common in all people who are overweight	back 91 rare because of the ligament reinforcement
front 92 Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination. T F	back 92 F

front 93 Which of the following is true regarding the structure indicated by the arrow in the joint depicted in A? It is formed by a synovial membrane. It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It becomes ossified late in adult development. It is classified as amphiarthrotic.	back 93 It becomes ossified late in adult development.
front 94 To realign an anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________. mandibular fossa articular tubercle articular capsule articular disc	back 94 articular tubercle
front 95 Functional classification of joints is based on ________. the location of the joint whether a joint cavity is present the amount of movement allowed by the joint the size of the joint	back 95 the amount of movement allowed by the joint
front 96 Synarthrotic joints ________. are cartilaginous joints permit essentially no movement are found only in adults have large joint cavities	back 96 permit essentially no movement

front 97 Synovial fluid does NOT ________. contain phagocytic cells reduce friction between the articular cartilages nourish the cartilage cells in the joint prevent the articulating bones from dislocating	back 97 prevent the articulating bones from dislocating
front 98 Which of the following terms describes the functional classification of the illustrated joint with regard to its range of movement? synarthrotic synovial diarthrotic amphiarthrotic	back 98 diarthrotic
front 99 Which joint in the body is most susceptible to sports injuries? elbow wrist shoulder knee	back 99 knee
front 100 The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints. T F	back 100 T

front 101 A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids. T F	back 101 F
front 102 Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones? abduction circumduction extension rotation	back 102 rotation
front 103 Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease tendonitis: inflammation of the joint bursitis: urate crystals in the joint gout: inflammation of the tendons	back 103 osteoarthritis: chronic degenerative joint disease
front 104 Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones? extension abduction rotation circumduction	back 104 rotation

front 105 Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? symphysis synchondrosis hinge joint suture	back 105 hinge joint
front 106 Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________. form the synovial membrane provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints attach tendons produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)	back 106 provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
front 107 What are menisci? semilunar cartilage pads cavities lined with cartilage small sacs containing synovial fluid tendon sheaths	back 107 semilunar cartilage pads
front 108 An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________. between the vertebrae between the humerus and the glenoid cavity the radius and ulna along its length the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends	back 108 the radius and ulna along its length

front 109 Using the structural classification, what type of joint is the epiphyseal plate? synarthrotic joint cartilaginous joint fibrous joint amphiarthrotic joint	back 109 cartilaginous joint
front 110 A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. suture gomphosis synchondrosis syndesmosis	back 110 gomphosis
front 111 People who grind their teeth are likely to damage their ________. temporomandibular joints glenohumeral joint tibiofemoral joint coxal joint	back 111 temporomandibular joints
front 112 The joint between the frontal and parietal bones is classified by material as a ________ joint.	back 112 Suture

front 113 Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint. T F	back 113 T
front 114 Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion. T F	back 114 T
front 115 Extension is an example of a(n) ________ movement. rotational gliding angular nonaxial	back 115 angular
front 116 The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint. T F	back 116 T

front 117 Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris. T F	back 117 T
front 118 Joints A, B, C, and D in the figures below are all classified as ______. fibrous joints synovial joints cartilaginous joints	back 118 cartilaginous joints
front 119 Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the rotator cuff? subscapularis muscle teres minor muscle biceps brachii muscle infraspinatus muscle supraspinatus muscle	back 119 biceps brachii muscle
front 120 Which joint has sacrificed stability to provide great freedom of movement? shoulder ankle elbow knee	back 120 shoulder

front 121 The shoulder and hip are examples of ________. hinge joints pivot joints condylar joints plane joints ball-and-socket joints	back 121 ball-and-socket joints
front 122 The origin of a muscle is attached to the movable bone. T F	back 122 F