front 1 What are the standards in use (for nutrient recommendations) in the United States and Canada? Who develops and publishes it? | back 1 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).
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front 2 What is the Dietary Reference Intakes? | back 2 It's a set of four lists of values for measuring the nutrient intakes of healthy people in the US and Canada. |
front 3 What are the Four Lists of values of the DRI? | back 3 1. Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
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front 4 What are Daily Values? | back 4 They are another set of nutrient standards useful for the person trying to make a wise choice among packaged food. They are on food labels and restaurant signs. |
front 5 Daily values are based on a ...? | back 5 2000 calorie diet |
front 6 What are the two sets of values that individuals may use for their own nutrient intake goals (based on DRI)? | back 6 1. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
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front 7 Which value forms the indisputable bedrock of the DRI and why? Whose needs does it meet? | back 7 RDA- because they derive from solid experimental evidence and reliable observations--they are expected to meet the needs of almost all healthy people. |
front 8 What are AI values based on? | back 8 They are not based on scientific evidence but educated guesswork. Whenever the DRI committee finds insufficient evidence to generate an RDA, they establish an AI value instead. |
front 9 The RDA and AI values are collectively referred to as...? | back 9 The DRI recommended intakes |
front 10 What does the EAR do? | back 10 The EAR establishes nutrient requirements for given life stages and gender groups that researchers and nutrition policy makers use in their work. It is the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group; used in nutrition research and policy making and is the basis upon which RDA values are set. |
front 11 What is the basis upon which RDA values are set? | back 11 the EAR |
front 12 What is the RDA? | back 12 It is nutrient intake goals for individuals; the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of nearly all (97-98%) healthy people in a particular life stage and gender group. |
front 13 The RDA is derived from...? | back 13 From the EAR |
front 14 What is the UL | back 14 The Tolerable UPPER Intake Levels are used to identify potentially toxic levels of nutrient intake. Indispensable to consumers who take supplements or consume foods and beverages to which vitamins or minerals have been added. It's the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity to almost all healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group. |
front 15 What is the AMDR? | back 15 It's the Acceptable MacroNutrient Distribution Range which are values set by the DRI that are values for carbohydrate, fat and protein expressed as percentages of total daily calorie intake; ranges of intakes set for the energy-yielding nutrients that are sufficient to provide adequate total energy and nutrients while reducing the risk of chronic disease. |
front 16 What are the AMDR limits for carbs, proteins and fats? | back 16 carbs= 45-65 percent of calories
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front 17 Does the DRI acknowledge differences between individuals? How? | back 17 It has made separate recommendations for specific groups of people--men, women, pregnant women, lactating women, infants, and children. OR illness, smoking, vegetarianism. |
front 18 On average, a person should try to get what percent of the DRI recommended intake for every nutrient? | back 18 100% |
front 19 DRI values are based these 5 things... | back 19 1. available scientific research
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front 20 The DRI apply to... | back 20 Healthy people only |
front 21 What is a balance study? | back 21 It's a laboratory study in which a person is fed a controlled diet and the intake and excretion of a nutrient are measured. |
front 22 Balance studies are only valid for...? Why? | back 22 Only valid for nutrients like calcium (chemical elements) that do not change while they are in the body. |
front 23 What is a requirement? How is it different from the DRI? | back 23 It is the amount of a nutrient that will just prevent the development of specific deficiency signs; distinguished from the DRI recommended intake value, which is a generous allowance with a margin of safety. |
front 24 What is the EER? | back 24 It is the Estimated Energy Requirement which is the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certain age, gender, weight, height and level of physical activity consistent with good health. |
front 25 The EER is set at a level predicted to...? | back 25 Predicted to maintain body weight for an individual of a particular age, gender, height, weight and physical activity level consistent with good health |
front 26 Daily values are ideal for allowing comparisons among foods but they cannot serve as...? | back 26 They cannot serve as nutrient intake goals for individuals cause they are set at the highest nutrient needs among people from children of age 4 through again adults. ie. the daily value for iron is 18mg, an amount that far exceeds a man's RDA or 8mg but meets a young woman's high need. |
front 27 The USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans offer science-based advice to help people ages...? | back 27 2 and older |
front 28 What are their key recommendations? (4) | back 28 1. Balancing calories to manage weight
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front 29 What is the Healthy Eating Index? | back 29 It is a measure that assesses how well a diet meets the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the USDA Food Patterns. |
front 30 The USDA's food group plan does what? | back 30 It's a diet planning tool that sorts foods into groups based on their nutrient content and then specifies that people should eat certain minimum numbers of servings of foods from each group |
front 31 What are the seven food groups? | back 31 1. Fruits
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front 32 What is the exchange system? | back 32 It's a different type of planning tool developed for use by those with diabetes. It organizes foods with respect to their nutrient content and calories. Foods on any single exchange list can be used interchangeably. The exchange system focuses on controlling the carb, fat, protein and energy (calories) in the diet. |
front 33 What is the discretionary calories allowance? | back 33 sets the upper limit for calories from added sugars and solid fats in the USDA Food Patterns. |