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Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology-Exercise 3

front 1 What are aseptic techniques?	back 1 are procedures used to avoid introducing unwanted microbes and to prevent spreading microbes where they are not wanted.
front 2 Who successfully transferred Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis between diseased animals and laboratory media?	back 2 Robert Koch
front 3 What is an inoculating loop?	back 3 is a Nichrome wire held with and insulated handle. It is used for transferring bacteria between library media and microscope slides.
front 4 The inoculating loop is sterilized by?	back 4 Heating or flaming - in in flame until the loop is red hot

front 5 What were the first bacteria cultures grown in?	back 5 broth (liquid) such as infusions and blood
front 6 What were the first solids used to grow cultures?	back 6 potato starch, coagulated egg white and meat
front 7 What did Robert Koch use?	back 7 gelatin
front 8 Who suggested agar to Koch?	back 8 Angelina Hess

front 9 Do you sterilize an inoculating loop before or after the transfer of bacteria?	back 9 both- in the hottest part of the flame
front 10 What do you call a medium whose exact chemical composition is known?	back 10 chemically defined medium
front 11 What is a complex media?	back 11 media for which the exact chemical composition varies slightly from batch to batch
front 12 Organic carbon, energy, nitrogen sources are usually supplied by ____________________ and________.	back 12 protein in the form of meat extracts and partially digested proteins called peptones.

front 13 Nutrient broth is?	back 13 liquid complex medium-when agar is added it becomes a solid medium called nutrient agar
front 14 What is agar?	back 14 marine red algae liquefies at 100*C
front 15 Media must be sterilized after preparation true or false?	back 15 true
front 16 What is the most common method of sterilizing culture media that are heat stable?	back 16 steam sterilization or autoclaving process by which it is steamed under pressure heated to 121*C at 15 pounds of pressure (psi) for 15 minutes

front 17 How do you store a sample in a petri dish?	back 17 upside down with the agar at the top otherwise moisture will form
front 18 What does inoculated mean?	back 18 that microbes will be intentionally introduced onto nutrient agar and into nutrient broth
front 19 What do you call the time that bacteria are inoculated into culture media and they increase?	back 19 incubation period
front 20 When liquid media becomes turbid it is__________.	back 20 cloudy

front 21 What is a colony?	back 21 a population of cells that arises from a single bacterial cell.
front 22 A colony-forming unit is?	back 22 A colony may arise from a group of the same microbes attached to one another.
front 23 Bacterial growth in broth	back 23 1. clear no bacteria 2. turbid-cloudy 3. pellicle and turbid- cloudy and a film 4.flocculent-chunks suspended 5. sediment- bottom
front 24 What is TNTC?	back 24 too numerous to count

front 25 You use a loop or needle with?	back 25 Liquid-nutrient broth/ loop or needle solid- agar slant- loop or needle zig-zag when inserting bacteria semi-solid (agar deeps) needle/stab streak
front 26 What are bacteria using for nutrients in nutrient agar?	back 26 peptones or meat extracts
front 27 Why do some bacteria go to top?	back 27 They thrive in oxygen and oxygen is richer at the top
front 28 Purpose of agar deeps?	back 28 to determine motility and to culture bacteria that require a lower core of oxygen