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GIS test 2, Aerial images

front 1 What is Remote Sensing?	back 1 Getting info on emitted or reflected light energy from a considerable distance away- typically with tools such as satellites, aircraft or drones
front 2 Who described observing a solar eclipse using a camera obscura in 1038? *camera obscura=dark chambre in latin	back 2 Al Hazen
front 3 Who crated the first photograph in 1826?	back 3 Joseph Niépce
front 4 The device that uses two pictures of the same scene with a slight offset mounted side-by-side to give the impression of a 3D image is called what? (Hint we used it in lab)	back 4 The Stereoscope

front 5 Which French man used a hot air balloon to take the first aerial photo of Paris (1858)?	back 5 Gasper Felix Tournachon, aka “Nadar"
front 6 Who is the Father of Kite Photography?	back 6 Arthur Batut
front 7 Which global events increased the interest in aerial reconnaissance leading to the use of pigeons to take covert aerial photos?	back 7 WW1 and WW2
front 8 In 1981 NASA acquired its first ER-2, and a second in 1989 (these are high altitude planes). What satellite components did they help develop?	back 8 Sensors

front 9 Rank these Canadian aerial photography instances from most to least recent. A) The Interdepartmental Committee on Air Surveys and National Air Photo Library are established B) Imperial Oil scientists photograph a swampy section of the Slave River C) The Canadian Air Board makes recommendations for how aerial photographs could be used	back 9 B, C, A
front 10 This tool is used to take aerial pictures from aircraft. What is it?	back 10 Single lens camera
front 11 What technology (developed in 1987) takes an image from the left to the right?	back 11 Forward Motion Compensation (FMC)
front 12 _______-___________ mounts are used to correct for pitch and roll caused by turbulence	back 12 Gyro-stabilized

front 13 The ___________ _________ (center of the photo) has the least distortion	back 13 principal point
front 14 _______ ____________ causes tall objects to lean away from the principal point towards the edges of the photo	back 14 Relief displacement
front 15 _____________________ removes the effects of terrain and relief displacement to create _______________ with uniform scale	back 15 Orthorectification, orthophotos
front 16 True orthophotos provide the appearance of looking ____________ _________ on all objects	back 16 straight down

front 17 _______________ _________________ have a ____ or less tilt, Reduced image distortion, a Nearly constant _______, and are Mainly used for photogrammetry and image interpretation	back 17 Vertical Photographs, 3 %, scale
front 18 _______-______________ _________________ have a Greater than 3 % tilt without visible __________, Covers a large area, Creates a familiar perspective, but the _________ is distorted.	back 18 Low-Oblique Photographs, horizon, scale
front 19 High-Oblique Photograph example	back 19 Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River, Washington State
front 20 Define Panchromatic	back 20 Only a portion of the visible light spectrum, creates greyscale images

front 21 Define Colour imagery	back 21 Captures red, green, and blue light to create true colour composites
front 22 Define Colour-infrared (CIR)	back 22 Images captured with film sensitive to infrared light (not visible to the naked eye)
front 23 Define Parallax	back 23 the difference in the apparent position of an object viewed from two different positions (switch between closed eyes quickly to create effect)
front 24 What is NADIR?	back 24 the point or line directly below the image collection instrument, not always the principal point

front 25 On a National Topographic System (NTS) map which photos are plotted?	back 25 The first, last, and every 5th photo
front 26 What is a stereo pair?	back 26 2 overlapping aerial images with different viewpoints that can be viewed under a stereoscope to create image parallax
front 27 What are Fiducial Marks?	back 27 Built in markers that appear in the final stereopair images
front 28 In stereopair images where is the principal point in a geometric sense and in relation to the Fiducial Marks?	back 28 Geometric center of the photograph and The intersection of the fiducial marks on the image

front 29 In stereopair images where is the Conjugate Principal Point	back 29 The location of the PP from one photo on the adjacent photo in the flight line
front 30 What do each of these variables represent? RF = f/H	back 30 RF- Representative fraction f- focal length H- flying height above terrain
front 31 What is the common focal length?	back 31 152.598 mm OR 6”
front 32 What is the another way to calculate the representative fraction?	back 32

front 33 Variations of scale in aerial photography are a product of what? (2)	back 33 tilt and topography
front 34 Height can be measured based on relief displacement. Describe the variables in this equation:	back 34 h = building height • d = building height in an image • H = flying height above ground • r = distance from the PP
front 35 Buildings, where relief displacement is not clear, may be measured based on shadow. What variable is missing from this equation?	back 35 tan a
front 36 When visually interpreting an image you need to consider Site and association. What does that mean?	back 36 Characteristics and relationships between objects in the image, what makes sense in the image context?

front 37

Name 5 aspects to Visual Image Interpretation (there are 8 in total)

back 37

1. Pattern
2. Site and association
3. Size
4. Shadow
5. Shape
6. Texture
7. Tone
8. Time