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Principles of Eco Exam 2 Ch 14

front 1 One organism inhibits another by consuming a shared nutrient resource	back 1 Consumptive
front 2 One organism occupies space, preventing another from having it	back 2 Preemptive
front 3 One organism grows directly over another.	back 3 Overgrowth
front 4 Chemical warfare between competitors	back 4 Chemical (allelopathy)

front 5 Aggressive behavioral exclusion of an organism from another’s defended territory	back 5 Territorial
front 6 non-territorial encounters reducing growth.	back 6 Encounter
front 7 The outcome of competition is often determined by	back 7 competition for the limiting resource
front 8 limitations on growth determined by the availability of the scarcest resource	back 8 Liebig’s law of the minimum

front 9 resources species could utilize in the absence of other species niche absent of competition	back 9 Fundamental niche
front 10 resources actually utilized by the species after the effects of all species niche with competition	back 10 Realized niche
front 11 The greater the niche overlap between two competitors the Fig 14.3	back 11 greater the competition
front 12 The lower the abundance of the resources the Fig 14.3	back 12 greater the competition

front 13 The effects of competing species are not equal interaction betw 2 species (ammensalism)	back 13 Asymmetric competition
front 14 Stems from Asymmetric competition: one species is affected negatively and the other isnt	back 14 Amensalism
front 15 Experiment 1: with P Caudatum and P. Bursaria that were grown both together and isolated demonstrated Fig 14.9	back 15 Competitive coexistence
front 16 Why did competitive coexistence happen between those two? Fig 14.9	back 16 P. caudatum consumed only bacteria while P. bursaria was able to consume both bacteria and yeast.

front 17 Experiment 2: P. caudatum and P. aurelia were grown both in isolation and together, demonstrated Fig 14.9	back 17 competitive exclusion
front 18 Why did competitive exclusion happen between those two? Fig 14.9	back 18 P. caudatum and P. auralia both consumed only bacteria, and P. auralia was the superior competitor for bacteria
front 19 Modified version of Gause: Competitive exclusion principle Resource partitioning (niche partitioning) - Ex. Anolis Lizards	back 19 Competitors that use a limiting resource in the same cannot coexist
front 20 Lotka and Volterra modified logistic equation	back 20 dN/dt = rN(K– N)/K r= maximum growth rate N= actual population size K= carrying capacity

front 21 What does Lotka Volterra model tell us about competitive coexistence?	back 21 Competing species coexist when they do not compete with each other
front 22 SLIDE 30 Equation XXXX READ SLIDES XXXX	back 22 If α > 1.0, then sp. 2 individuals carry greater weight than sp. 1 individuals. If α = 1.0, then sp. 2 individuals carry the same weight as sp. 1 individuals. If α < 1.0, then sp. 2 individuals carry less weight than sp. 1 individuals.
front 23 Zero growth isocline tells us that	back 23 On the isocline, dN 1/dt= 0, so N 1 does not change. • In the blue zone, dN 1/dt is negative, so N 1 decreases. • In the yellow zone, dN 1/dt is positive, so N 1 increases
front 24 G. Tansley Experiment with Galium saxatile and Galium sylvestre resulted in	back 24 Each species was at a disadvantage in competition when not grown on their preferred soil type. Takeaway: The outcome of competition between species can depend on the environment.