Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
13 pt3
front 1 How do all viruses differ from bacteria? -Viruses are not composed of cells. -Viruses are filterable. -Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. -Viruses do not have any nucleic acid. -Viruses do not reproduce. | back 1 Viruses are not composed of cells. |
front 2 A feature that may be found in viruses but never in bacteria is -an ability to infect more than one type of host. -They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host. -The ability to pass through 0.22 micrometer pore filters. -May contain an RNA genome. -A sensitivity to antibiotics. | back 2 May contain an RNA genome. |
front 3 Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses? -Biochemical tests -Size -Morphology -Nucleic acid -Number of capsomeres | back 3 Biochemical tests |
front 4 Which of the following is NOT utilized to culture viruses? -Embryonated eggs -Animal cell cultures -Laboratory animals -Culture media -Bacterial cultures | back 4 Culture media |
front 5 Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps? -Release -Uncoating -Penetration -Attachment -Biosynthesis | back 5 Biosynthesis |
front 6 The definition of lysogeny is -when the burst time takes an unusually long time. -Attachment of a phage to a cell. -Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA. -Lysis of the host cell due to a phage. -The period during replication when virions are not present. | back 6 Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA. |
front 7 A viroid is a(n) -Infectious protein. -Provirus. -Capsid without nucleic acid. -Complete, infectious virus particle. -Infectious piece of RNA without a capsid. | back 7 Infectious piece of RNA without a capsid. |
front 8  In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus? a b c d All of the structures are complex viruses. | back 8 b |
front 9  The morphological types of viruses illustrated in Figure 13.1 are ultimately determined by the -membrane spikes. -Capsomeres. -Viroids. -Envelope. -Nucleic acid. | back 9 Nucleic acid. |
front 10 A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a -rash. -Cell lysis. -Plaque. -Pock. -Phage. | back 10 Plaque. |
front 11 Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that -continuous cell lines always have to be re-isolated from animal tissues. -Viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines. -Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations. -Continuous cell lines are from human embryos. -Continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines. | back 11 Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations. |
front 12 Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion? -Lysozyme -DNA polymerase -DNA -PrPSc -RNA | back 12 PrPSc |
front 13 A persistent infection is one in which -host cells are transformed. -Host cells are gradually lysed. -The virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease. -The disease process occurs gradually over a long period. -Viral replication is unusually slow. | back 13 The disease process occurs gradually over a long period. |
front 14 An example of a persistent viral infection is -Varicellavirus infection. -Influenza. -Herpes Simplex Virus infection. -Hepatitis A infection. -Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. | back 14 Varicellavirus infection. |
front 15 Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT -immunity to reinfection by the same phage. -Immunity to reinfection by any phage. -Acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell. -Specialized transduction. -Phage conversion. | back 15 Immunity to reinfection by any phage. |
front 16 Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA? -Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template -Transcription of mRNA from DNA -Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template -Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template -Synthesis of DNA from a DNA template | back 16 Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template |
front 17 An infectious protein is a retrovirus. -Viroid. -Papovavirus. -Prion. -Bacteriophage. | back 17 Prion. |
front 18 An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps? -Biosynthesis -Release -Adsorption -Penetration -Uncoating | back 18 Release |
front 19 Which of the following statements is NOT true of lysogeny? -Lytic cycle may follow lysogeny. -Prophage is inserted into the host genome. -It causes lysis of host cells. -It can give infected pathogens the genetic information for toxin production. -It is a "silent" infection; the virus does not replicate. | back 19 It causes lysis of host cells. |
front 20 An example of a latent viral infection is -subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. -Cold sores. -Smallpox. -Influenza. -Mumps. | back 20 Cold sores. |
front 21 A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the -host cell's ability to phagocytize viral particles. -Enzymatic activity of a host cell. -Type of viral nucleic acid. -Presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane. -Presence of pili on the host cell wall. | back 21 Presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane. |
front 22 Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. This virus has a single, positive sense strand of RNA, and possesses an envelope. To which group does it most likely belong? -Herpesvirus -Retrovirus -Togavirus -Picornavirus -Papovavirus | back 22 Togavirus |
front 23 The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called -abduction. -Penetration. -Lysogeny. -Transduction. -Budding. | back 23 Budding |
front 24 The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers was provided by -the presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients. -Finding oncogenes in viruses. -Cancer that developed in chickens following injection of cell-free filtrates. -Treating cancer with antibodies. -Some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis. | back 24 Cancer that developed in chickens following injection of cell-free filtrates. |
front 25 Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT -ATP. -Amino acids. -Nucleotides. -Lysozyme. -tRNA. | back 25 Lysozyme. |
front 26 Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves -replication of viral nucleic acid. -Injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell. -Assembly of viral components. -Lysis of the host cell. -Adsorption to specific receptors. | back 26 Injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell. |
front 27 Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT -tRNA. -RNA polymerase. -Nucleotides. -DNA polymerase. -None of the answers are correct; all of these are supplied by the host animal cell. | back 27 DNA polymerase. |
front 28 Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication? 1. Maturation 2. DNA synthesis 3. Transcription 4. Translation -1; 2; 3; 4 -3; 4; 1; 2 -4; 1; 2; 3 -2; 3; 4; 1 -4; 3; 2; 1 | back 28 2; 3; 4; 1 |
front 29 A viral species is a group of viruses that -has the same genetic information and ecological niche. -Infects the same cells and causes the same disease. -Has the same morphology and nucleic acid. -Cannot be defined. | back 29 has the same genetic information and ecological niche. |
front 30 Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families -Retroviridae and Picornaviridae. -Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae. -Rhabdoviridae and Herpesviridae. -Herpesviridae and Retroviridae. -Herpesviridae and Poxviridae. | back 30 Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae. |
front 31 DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of -influenzavirus. -Retroviridae. -Hepadnaviridae. -Herpesviridae. -Bacteriophage families. | back 31 Hepadnaviridae. |
front 32 Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE? -Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes. -Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell. -Viruses contain a protein coat. -Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both. -Viruses have genes. | back 32 Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes. |
front 33 A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside the patient? -The virus is infecting cells and then releasing only small amounts of virus. -The virus is incorporating its nucleic acid with that of the patient's cells. -The virus is slowly killing the patient's cells. -The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient. -The virus is not killing any cells in the host. | back 33 The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient. |
front 34 Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called -lytic viruses. -Slow viruses. -Latent viruses. -Unconventional viruses. -Phages. | back 34 Latent viruses. |
front 35 Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60-year-old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)? a b c d e | back 35 e |
front 36 Assume a patient has influenza. During which time on the graph in Figure 13.2 would the patient show the symptoms of the illness? a b c d e | back 36 c |
front 37 The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. Which is the third step? -Biosynthesis -Uncoating -Release -Attachment -Penetration | back 37 Uncoating |
front 38 The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step? -Uncoating -Synthesis of double-stranded DNA -Attachment -Penetration -Synthesis of +RNA | back 38 Synthesis of double-stranded DNA |
front 39 Oncogenic viruses -have no effect on the host cell. -Cause acute infections. -Are genetically unstable. -Are lytic viruses that kill the host cell. -Cause tumors to develop. | back 39 Cause tumors to develop. |
front 40 Which one of the following steps does NOT occur during multiplication of a picornavirus? -Synthesis of + strands of RNA -Synthesis of - strands of RNA -Synthesis of DNA -Synthesis of viral proteins -None of the answers is correct. | back 40 Synthesis of DNA |
front 41 Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene? -Envelope proteins -Spike proteins -DNA polymerase -Lysozyme -Capsid proteins | back 41 DNA polymerase |
front 42 Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes? -DNA-dependent DNA polymerase ATP synthase Lysozyme Reverse transcriptase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | back 42 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
front 43 What is NOT true regarding viruses that infect plants? -They can sometimes be cultured in insect cells. -They must enter through a wound or be introduced by an insect feeding. -They can spread via pollination. -They are morphologically similar to animal viruses. -They are often cultured in embryonated chicken eggs. | back 43 They are often cultured in embryonated chicken eggs. |
front 44 What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses? -Ease of virus transmission -Different virus subtypes Attachment spikes -A segmented genome -Worldwide distribution of the virus | back 44 A segmented genome |
front 45 ________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ________ in infected cells. -Segmented genomes; reassortment -Oncogenes; transformation -Herpes viruses; lesions -Glycoprotein spikes; syncytia formation -T antigens; lysis | back 45 Oncogenes; transformation |
front 46 What is an oncogene? -an altered form of a gene that may induce cancer -a viral ligand found in a family of viruses -a viral polymerase -a problematic gene found exclusively in viruses -a toxin gene transferred by a virus | back 46 an altered form of a gene that may induce cancer |
front 47 Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE? -They may cause hemagglutination. -They bind to receptors on the host cell surface. -They are found only on nonenveloped viruses. -They are used for attachment. -They are composed of carbohydrate-protein complexes. | back 47 They are found only on nonenveloped viruses. |
front 48 What is the key characteristic of a transformed cell? -has undergone chromosomal rearrangements -is infected with a lytic virus -has acquired tumor-forming properties -is producing budding viruses | back 48 has acquired tumor-forming properties |
front 49 Shingles is an example of -lytic virus. -transformation. -persistent virus. -lysogeny. | back 49 reactivation of latent virus. |
front 50 Why do most scientists agree that viruses are nonliving entities? -They are not composed of cells. -They cause diseases in host cells. -They are composed of relatively simple components. -They cannot replicate outside host cells. -They pass through filters. | back 50 They are not composed of cells. |