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50 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

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13 pt2

front 1

How do all viruses differ from bacteria?

-Viruses are not composed of cells.

-Viruses are filterable.

-Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

-Viruses do not have any nucleic acid.

-Viruses do not reproduce.

back 1

Viruses are not composed of cells.

front 2

A feature that may be found in viruses but never in bacteria is

-an ability to infect more than one type of host.

-they cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.

-the ability to pass through 0.22 micrometer pore filters.

-may contain an RNA genome.

-a sensitivity to antibiotics.

back 2

may contain an RNA genome.

front 3

Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE?

-They may cause hemagglutination.

-They bind to receptors on the host cell surface.

-They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.

-They are used for attachment.

-They are composed of carbohydrate-protein complexes.

back 3

They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.

front 4

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

back 4

biochemical tests

front 5

Which of the following is NOT utilized to culture viruses?

back 5

culture media

front 6

Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps?

back 6

biosynthesis

front 7

The definition of lysogeny is

back 7

phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.

front 8

A viroid is a(n)

back 8

infectious piece of RNA without a capsid.

front 9

In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus?

back 9

b

front 10

The morphological types of viruses illustrated in Figure 13.1 are ultimately determined by the

back 10

nucleic acid.

front 11

A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a

back 11

plaque.

front 12

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that

back 12

continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.

front 13

Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion?

back 13

PrPSc

front 14

A persistent infection is one in which

back 14

the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.

front 15

An example of a persistent viral infection is

back 15

Varicellavirus infection.

front 16

Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT

back 16

immunity to reinfection by any phage.

front 17

Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA?

back 17

synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template

front 18

An infectious protein is a

back 18

prion.

front 19

An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?

back 19

release

front 20

Which of the following statements is NOT true of lysogeny?

back 20

It causes lysis of host cells.

front 21

An example of a latent viral infection is

back 21

cold sores.

front 22

A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the

back 22

presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane.

front 23

An unknown virus with a single, positive sense strand of RNA and an envelope most likely belongs to which group?

back 23

togavirus

front 24

The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called

back 24

budding.

front 25

The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers was provided by

back 25

cancer that developed in chickens following injection of cell-free filtrates.

front 26

Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT

back 26

lysozyme.

front 27

Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves

back 27

injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.

front 28

Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT

back 28

DNA polymerase.

front 29

Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication?

back 29

2; 3; 4; 1 (DNA synthesis, Transcription, Translation, Maturation)

front 30

A viral species is a group of viruses that

back 30

has the same genetic information and ecological niche.

front 31

Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to which virus families?

back 31

Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.

front 32

DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of

back 32

Hepadnaviridae.

front 33

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?

back 33

Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.

front 34

A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside the patient?

back 34

The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient.

front 35

Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called

back 35

latent viruses.

front 36

Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in a person with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)?

back 36

e

front 37

During which time on the graph in Figure 13.2 would a patient with influenza show symptoms?

back 37

c

front 38

The third step in the multiplication of herpesviruses is

back 38

uncoating.

front 39

The fourth step in the multiplication of retroviruses is

back 39

synthesis of double-stranded DNA.

front 40

Oncogenic viruses

back 40

cause tumors to develop.

front 41

Which one of the following steps does NOT occur during multiplication of a picornavirus?

back 41

synthesis of DNA

front 42

Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?

back 42

DNA polymerase.

front 43

Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes?

back 43

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

front 44

What is NOT true regarding viruses that infect plants?

back 44

They are often cultured in embryonated chicken eggs.

front 45

What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

back 45

a segmented genome.

front 46

________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ________ in infected cells.

back 46

Oncogenes; transformation.

front 47

What is an oncogene?

back 47

an altered form of a gene that may induce cancer.

front 48

What is the key characteristic of a transformed cell?

back 48

has acquired tumor-forming properties.

front 49

Shingles is an example of

back 49

reactivation of latent virus.

front 50

Why do most scientists agree that viruses are nonliving entities?

back 50

They are not composed of cells.