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CBNS101 Lecture 15: Molecular Motors

front 1

What are the 2 main parts of a molecular motor?

back 1

  • A head which binds to the filaments and move along
  • A tail that drags along cargo (organelles, vesicles)

front 2

The walking heads are at the ___ terminus while the cargo holding tails are at the ___ terminus

back 2

N terminus, C terminus

front 3

What are molecular motors mainly used for in the body?

back 3

Muscle contraction, ciliary beating and cell division

front 4

What are actin-based motor proteins called?

back 4

They are called myosins (I or II)

front 5

What are the different types of motor proteins?

back 5

Myosins (actin), kinesins, and dyneins

front 6

What are the types of myosins?

back 6

Myosin I, Myosin II, and Myosin II filament (perhaps there is a myosin VI?)

front 7

Describe Myosin I

back 7

Has one head (N terminus), a tail which binds to actin or the membrane

front 8

Describe Myosin II

back 8

Has two head (N terminus) and the two tails are coiled around each other until it is one coiled tail. (dimer)

front 9

Describe Myosin II filament

back 9

A bunch of myosin I but the tails are all connected in the middle and the several hundred heads point in opposite directions

front 10

While most Myosins will walk towards the plus end, Myosin ____ will walk to the minus end

back 10

Myosin VI is the odd one out apparently

front 11

Describe the process of myosin motor movements

back 11

Moves along the actin. It is bound to ATP but when it docks on the actine filament the Pi is released turning into ADP. Being bound to ADP causes the other catalytic core to disconnect while the other one is bound to actin. ADP is released and ATP binds again causing the head to detach and revert to its original form

Attached->released->cocked->force generating->attached

front 12

What is the difference between myosins and kinesins/dyneins?

back 12

Myosins are a motor on intermediate filaments. Kinesins and Dyneins are motors on microtubules.

front 13

Kinesins are ___ ended motor. As in they walk towards that direction

back 13

Plus ended

front 14

Dyneins are ____ ended motors. They walk towards that direction

back 14

Minus ended

front 15

T/F Myosins and Kinesins have a common evolutionary origin

back 15

True. Their heads have a similar structure

front 16

In kinesins, the leading head is always bound to A_P and the lagging head is always bound to A_P

back 16

ADP , ATP

front 17

Describe the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin

back 17

Leading head is bound to ADP, the lagging head is bound to ATP and both are bound to the microtubule. The rear head is hydrolyzed (loses a Pi) and loosens its grip on the microtubule. ATP replaces the ADP in the front head which makes the neck linker catapult the rear head forward (This is one step)

front 18

Does Kinesin or Myosin spend more time in its detached state?

back 18

Kinesin majority of the time being detached

front 19

T/F Myosin II spends very little time bound to the filament

back 19

True. This allows for rapid muscle movement and relaxation

front 20

What are the only things we need to know about Dynein?

back 20

  • It is a large protein
  • It walks to the minus end

The End

front 21

What are some examples of Microtubule motor based transport in the body?

back 21

  • Cilia/flagella movement
  • chromosome segregation
  • Fish skin pigmentation video from lecture (dynein makes the pigments congregate in splotches)
  • More (but I'm too tired to rewrite from last deck)

front 22

How is myosin II filament production regulated?

back 22

By MLK no jk its by MLCK (/Myosin Light Change Kinase). Is active if phosphorylated and assembles themselves. If not then its not. The end