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CBNS101 Lecture 12: The Extracellular Matrix

front 1

T/F The vertebrate body is mostly extracellular space

back 1

True. Connective tissues mainly and extracellular matrix mainly fill this space

front 2

ECM is ______ in cartilage and bone, but ______ in brain and spinal cord

back 2

plenty, scarce

front 3

What are the functions of the ECM?

back 3

  • Determines the form an shape which leads to its function
  • Mechanical support (hold shape and resist outer forces)
  • Helps cells with adhesion and migration
  • Control cell signaling and differentiation

front 4

What exactly is an ECM?

back 4

A combo of polysaccharides and proteins that support the cells and tissues in the body

front 5

What is responsible for ECM secretion?

back 5

Fibroblasts!

front 6

What are epithelial cells?

back 6

Cells that line the inside and outside of the body

front 7

What is a basal lamina?

back 7

A thin layer of ECM that sits between the connective tissue and the epithelial cell. Acts kinda like glue. A felt like sheet

front 8

What are the 2 types of proteins that make up the ECM?

back 8

  • Fibrous
    • Collagen and Elastin
  • Adhesive
    • Fibronectin and Laminin

front 9

What is the role of polysaccharides?

back 9

To help resist compression (Glycosaminoglycans)

front 10

Collagen fibrils provide the ECM with _______ strength

back 10

Tensile

  • long, stiff triple helix
  • 3 of them wind together like a rope
  • Rich in proline and glycine

front 11

What are the properties of Fibrillar (I, II, III, V, XI)?

  • 1,2,3,5,11

back 11

Connective tissues, bone, skin, tendons, ligaments, eyes, internal organs

front 12

T/F Collagen fibrils are the most abundant proteins in vertebrates

back 12

True! The most abundant as it is expressed in many tissues

front 13

What are the properties of Fibril associated (IX, XII) collagen good for?

  • 9, 12

back 13

Found on the surface of collagen fibrils and help with linking fibrils and ECM together (Cartilage)

front 14

What are the properties of Network forming (IV, VII) collagen good for?

  • 4, 7

back 14

Type IV

  • the basal lamina!

Type VII

  • Dimers to anchor the basal lamina to the connective tissue

front 15

Describe the biosynthesis of fibrillar collagen

back 15

Each helix is formed separately extra pro-peptides to prevent it from assembling just yet. When there are 3, the triple strand helix starts to form and the pro-peptides are cleaved off. This happens outside the cell

front 16

Why are collagen fibrils so strong?

back 16

They have covalent and noncovalent bonds as well as stacking of the molecule

front 17

What is and what caused the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

back 17

A mutation in the Type III collagen

  • Fragile and Hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints

front 18

What is and what caused the Osteogenesis imperfecta?

back 18

Mutations in Type I collagen

  • Fragile bones that fracture easily

front 19

What is and what caused the Chondrodysplasia?

back 19

Mutations in Type II collagen

  • Bone and joint deformities; mutations in cartilage collagens

front 20

What is and what caused Scurvy?

back 20

Lack of vitamin C

  • Loss of collagen so gums are too weak to hold teeth and blood vessels are fragile

front 21

What is Feline cutaneous asthenia?

back 21

A cat's version of Ehler-Danlos syndrome which gives cat's wings!!

front 22

What are Proteoglycans?

back 22

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to proteins. The point is to take up space. Think Pine needle trees

front 23

What are the functions of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans?

back 23

The resist compression due to lots of negative charge. Allows lots of water. Allows a matrix for the molecules to travel through. The "space" is technically not empty

front 24

What does the Basal Lamina (basement membrane) consist of?

back 24

Type IV collagens, perlecan, laminin and nidogen

front 25

What does the Basal Lamina do?

back 25

It acts like a filter only letting certain molecules through. Selective barrier and provides a scaffold for regenerating cells to migrate

front 26

T/F Cells can live if they are connected to the wrong place

back 26

False! Cells must be attached to the correct place in order to live: Anchorage dependence