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32 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Principles of Eco (Lec 5)

front 1

Large organisms heat and cool less quickly than

back 1

smaller organisms

front 2

Heat content is a function of

Heat exchange is a function of

back 2

volume

surface area

front 3

Temp. of organisms is determined by exchanges of

back 3

thermal energy(heat) with the external environment

*heat produced by metabolims

front 4

Heat Balance Equation: Generalized Equation

back 4

H= SR + IRin - IRout +/- Hconv +/- Hcond - Hevap + Hmet

front 5

Plant Balance Equation:

back 5

H= SR + IRin - IRout +/- Hconv +/- Hcond - Hevap

front 6

Organisms influence their temp. by modifying gains and losses via

back 6

1. Acute responses occurs within individual plants

2. Phenotypic acclimatization within individual plants

3. Evolutionary adaptation occurs across generations

front 7

Plants can alter

back 7

- evapotranspirational water loss

- leaf surface reflective properties

- leaf orientation to the sun

- leaf surface roughness

front 8

Thermal Adaptation

back 8

no data

front 9

Thermal Acclimatization

Plants used: Brittlebush

back 9

front 10

Endothermy

*sources of heat

back 10

organism to maintain a stable body temperature through metabolic processes.

* predominant source of heat

front 11

Ectothermy

*sources of heat

back 11

regulate their body temperature using external sources, such as sunlight or ambient temperature

* outside env is their heat

front 12

Homeothermy

*body temp

back 12

maintain a stable internal body temperature, even when the external temperature varies

to sustain: heat must be lost in the same rate it is gained

front 13

Poikilothermy

*body temp

back 13

organism that cannot regulate its body temperature except by behavioral means such as basking or burrowing.

front 14

Most Fish: Generalized Equation

back 14

H= - Hconv +/- Hcond

front 15

Terrestrial Ectotherms

back 15

H= SR + IRin - IRout +/- Hconv +/- Hcond - Hevap

Hmet dropped due to not producing heat fast enough

front 16

Terrestrial Endotherms

back 16

H= SR + IRin - IRout +/- Hconv +/- Hcond - Hevap + Hmet

front 17

Endotherms can maintain high and constant body temps but

back 17

Endothermic homeothermy has a high energetic price

front 18

Temp regulation and thermal ecology are inseparable from energy metabolism

back 18

no data

front 19

Ectotherms can not use what to thermoregulate?

back 19

metabolism

front 20

Endo and ectothermy are not

back 20

strict alternatives

front 21

Skipjack tuna use muscle activity and heat exchange to

back 21

maintain a body temp 14 C

front 22

Terrestrial ectotherms can move between heat sources and heat sinks using

Ex. Lizards

back 22

behavioral thermoregulation

front 23

Insects have a high concentration of glycerol, a chemical that

*similar to antifreeze proteins that fishes have as well

back 23

lowers the freezing point of body fluids

front 24

Wood frogs (Rana Sylvatica) and some other species of frogs tolerate

back 24

tolerate freezing

front 25

Metabolic rate depends on

back 25

external temp & S/V ratio

front 26

Heat loss is faster in the

back 26

cold

* endothermy is non-sustainable due to this and may enter torpor under cold conditions

front 27

Benefits of enedothermy

back 27

_ independence from env temp

- range expansion to high latitude and alitude

- high capacity to sustain physical activity

front 28

Characteristics of Endothermy

back 28

- Thermoneutral zone

_ Low critical temp

front 29

Thermoneutral zone

back 29

a constant basal metabolic rate can be maintained

front 30

Lower critical temp

* lower in Arctic mammals than tropical mammals

back 30

heat loss > metabolic production; body temp drops and heat increases

front 31

Torpor

* long periods are possible for animals that can store enough energy

* also related to hiberation

back 31

state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy.

front 32

Small endothemrs undego daily torpor to

back 32

survive cold nights