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CBNS101 Lecture 4: Compartments, Protein sorting, nuclear import and export

front 1

By cell volume the _____ is roughly 50%. by membrane area, the ______ is roughly 50%

back 1

cytosol and ER

front 2

What is it called when molecules in a closed set of spaces don't need to cross a membrane to get to one another. Only uses vesicles to travel through

back 2

Topologically equivalent

front 3

This way of moving proteins between compartments directly transports specific and individual proteins from cytosol through a membrane into another organelle (ER, mitochondria)

a) protein translocation

b) gated transport

c) vesicular transport

d) engulfment

back 3

Protein translocation

front 4

This way of moving proteins between compartments is by movement of protein /RNA through nuclear pore complexes from nucleus to cytosol (topologically equivalent)

a) protein translocation

b) gated transport

c) vesicular transport

d) engulfment

back 4

gated transport

front 5

This transport method uses membrane enclosed intermediate vesicles to bud off one compartment and fuse with another

a) protein translocation

b) gated transport

c) vesicular transport

d) engulfment

back 5

vesicular transport

front 6

This method uses double-membrane sheets to encircle portions of cytoplasm or other organelles usually to degrade them.

a) protein translocation

b) gated transport

c) vesicular transport

d) engulfment

back 6

engulfment

front 7

Signal sequences are address tags because they _______

back 7

Help specialized receptor proteins to identify the thing needs to go

front 8

What is the difference between a signal peptide and a signal patch?

back 8

  • A signal peptide is a continuous strand of amino acids that act as a tag to be read either at the ends or internally. Is removed after transport
  • A signal patch are scattered amino acids throughout the protein that is only read after it has been translated and folded

front 9

T/F A signal sequence is necessary and sufficient for protein transport

back 9

True. They will get lost and not know where to go oh no!

front 10

T/F Nuclear pore complexes allow for protein crossing without needing to unfold

back 10

True

front 11

T/F Nuclear pores have a basket in the nuclear side

back 11

True

front 12

T/F Within the pore itself, there are extensions of the nuclear porin to prevent diffusion of large molelcules

back 12

True

front 13

T/F A nuclear localization signal/sequence needs to be present in order for it to be allowed through the pores. It can be located anywhere in the protein of lysine and arginine

back 13

True. Same of nuclear export signals as well

front 14

T/F Nuclear transport receptors only carry proteins in and can only be direct contact

back 14

False. They carry both in and out. Also it can bind directly or indirectly

front 15

How does Ran-GTP/GDP work?

back 15

The GTP is basically the state in the nucleus. GDP is in the cytosol. For export, GTP binds to the cargo, the receptor pick it up with Ran and releases everything outside. For import, GTP binds to receptor and takes the cargo from it. Review it again