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Freshman Magney Bio Midterm

front 1

What is an element?

back 1

A fundamental item that can't be easily broken down further

front 2

What is a molecule?

back 2

A group of elements bonded together

front 3

What is a compound?

back 3

Chemical substances made up of two or more elements that are chemically bound together in a fixed ratio

front 4

What is an independent variable?

back 4

A variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

front 5

What is a dependent variable?

back 5

What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

front 6

What is quantitative data?

back 6

Measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers

front 7

What is qualitative data?

back 7

Data representing information and concepts that are not represented by numbers

front 8

What is objective data?

back 8

Fact-based data that is both measurable and observable

front 9

What is subjective data?

back 9

Subjective data comes from feelings, experiences, opinions, and thoughts

front 10

What is a polar molecule?

back 10

Molecules that have a dipole or an uneven distribution of charge across their geometry resulting in one side being positive and the other side negative

front 11

What causes a molecule to become polar?

back 11

Unequal distribution of the negatively charged electrons in the orbitals of the molecule

front 12

What role does hydrogen bonding play in the main properties of water?

back 12

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its high boiling point, high heat capacity, and surface tension

front 13

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of carbohydrates?

back 13

Monosaccharides/ Carbon 2 Hydrogen and one oxygen molecule, the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs, sugars, starches, and fiber.

front 14

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of lipids?

back 14

Glycerol and fatty acids, move and storing energy, absorb vitamins and make hormones, steroids, phospholipids

front 15

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of amino acids?

back 15

Amino acids are a monomer, they make peptide which makes protein

front 16

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of nucleic acids?

back 16

Nucleotides, are the individual units that constitute DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide is composed of three essential components: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA), and a nitrogenous base.

front 17

What is a histogram?

back 17

A graph that shows the frequency of numbers

front 18

Whats the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

back 18

Endothermic absorbs energy, exothermic releases energy

front 19

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic graphs?

back 19

Exothermic graphs start higher

front 20

What is hydrolysis?

back 20

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to water

front 21

What is dehydration synthesis?

back 21

Occurs when two molecules or compounds are joined to form a larger molecule following the removal of water

front 22

Whats the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular?

back 22

Intramolecular forces are those within the molecule that keep the molecule together, for example, the bonds between the atoms. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules, which determine many of the physical properties of a substance.

front 23

What do carbohydrate biomelcules look like?

back 23

Hexagon

front 24

What do lipid biomolecules look like?

back 24

Tentacle poll

front 25

What do nucleic acid biomolecules look like?

back 25

Hexagons with ball rectangles sticking out

front 26

What do protein biomolecules look like?

back 26

Balls

front 27

What are the main types and uses of light microscopes?

back 27

Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, differential interference, and fluorescent microscopes, to make small structures and samples visible by providing a magnified image of how they interact with visible light

front 28

What are the main types and uses of electron microscopes?

back 28

TEM, SEM, REM,

front 29

What is endosymbiosis?

back 29

When a large cell would absorb a smaller cell like a mitochondria or chlorplast then combine with it.

front 30

What are the differences between simple and facilitated diffusion?

back 30

In simple diffusion, molecules move without the assistance of membrane proteins, whereas in facilitated diffusion, membrane proteins assist molecules in their movement downward

front 31

Why does our plasma membrane form into a bilayer structure?

back 31

Because their fatty acid tails are poorly soluble in water, phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous solutions, with the hydrophobic tails buried in the interior of the membrane and the polar head groups exposed on both sides, in contact with water

front 32

What is a meniscus?

back 32

A meniscus is a curve in the surface of a molecular substance (water, of course) when it touches another material

front 33

What is the difference between hypo and hypertonic?

back 33

A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume.

front 34

What type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature?

back 34

Saturated fats

front 35

What do bacteria do to overcome adversity?

back 35

They spore

front 36

True or false: Conjugation is a form of reproduction

back 36

True: It is a form of sexual reproduction between bacteria

front 37

True or false: All carbohydrates are soluble in water

back 37

True

front 38

What are isotopes?

back 38

Isotopes are elements that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons