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CH 460 Final Exam Review

front 1

Name the enzyme: catalyze oxidation reduction reactions

back 1

Oxidoreductases

Ex. alcohol dehydrogenase (oxidation with NAD+)

front 2

Name the enzyme: catalyze transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another

back 2

Transferases

Ex. Hexokinase (phosphorylation)

front 3

Name the enzyme: catalyze hydrolytic cleavage

back 3

Hydrolases

Ex. carboxypeptidase A (peptide bond cleavage)

front 4

Name the enzyme: Catalyze removal of a group from or addition of a group to a double bond or other cleavage involving electron rearrangement

back 4

Lyases

Ex. Pyruvate decarboxylase (decarboxylation)

front 5

Name the enzyme: catalyze intramolecular arrangement of molecule

back 5

Isomerases

Ex. maleate isomerase (cis-trans isomerization)

front 6

Name the enzyme: Catalyze reactions in which 2 molecules are joined

back 6

Ligase

Ex. pyruvate carboxylase

front 7

Name the base:

back 7

Adenine (Purine - 2 rings)

front 8

Name the base:

back 8

Guanine (Purine - 2 rings)

front 9

Name the base:

back 9

Cytosine (Pyrimidine)

front 10

Name the base:

back 10

Thymine (Pyrimidine)

front 11

Name the base:

back 11

Uracil (RNA Only - Pyrimidine)

front 12

Name the amino acid

back 12

Glycine (Gly, G)

- smallest molecule, achiral

- Nonpolar, aliphatic

front 13

Name the amino acid

back 13

Alanine (Ala,A)

- Nonpolar, alipathic

front 14

Name the amino acid

back 14

Valine (Val,V)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

front 15

Name the amino acid

back 15

Isoleucine (2S,3S)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

Ile, I

front 16

Name the amino acid

back 16

Leucine (Leu,L)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

front 17

Name the amino acid

back 17

Proline (Pro, P)

Nonpolar, only amino acid with secondary amine ring in backbone

front 18

Name the amino acid

back 18

Methionine (Met, M)

Nonpolar

front 19

Name the amino acid

back 19

Phenylalanine (Phe, F)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

front 20

Name the amino acid

back 20

Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

- OH can be phosphorylated

front 21

Name the amino acid

back 21

Tryptophan (Trp, W)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

- contributes the most to UV absorbance at 280 nm compared to Tyr

front 22

Name the amino acid

back 22

Glutamine (Gln, Q)

- Polar

front 23

Name the amino acid

back 23

Cysteine (Cys, C)

- Polar

- 2 cysteine molecules can form a disulfide bond (with -SH, thiol)

front 24

Name the amino acid

back 24

Asparagine (Asn, N)

- Polar

front 25

Name the amino acid

back 25

Threonine (Thr, T)

- OH can be phosphorylated

- Polar

- 2S, 3R

front 26

Name the amino acid

back 26

Serine (Ser, S)

- OH can be phosphorylated

- Polar

front 27

Name the amino acid

back 27

Histidine (His, H)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

- Used in many enzymes catalysis since the side chain pKa (6) is around the physiological pH

front 28

Name the amino acid

back 28

Arginine (Arg, R)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

front 29

Name the amino acid

back 29

Lysine (Lys, K)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

front 30

Name the amino acid

back 30

Glutamic Acid (Glu, E)

- Polar, Negatively Charged, Acidic

front 31

Name the amino acid

back 31

Aspartic Acid (Asp, D)

- Polar, Negatively Charged, Acidic

front 32

Name the structure

back 32

NAD+

front 33

Name the structure

back 33

NADH

front 34

Name the structure

back 34

NADPH

front 35

Name the structure

back 35

FAD+ vs. FADH

front 36

Name the structure

back 36

Glycerophospholipid

- lipid with phosphate containing head group

- When R3 is is H, the structure is a phosphatidic acid.

- Part of membrane lipids

front 37

Name the structure

back 37

Spingosine

- sphingolipids are built on the amino alcohol spingospine, rather than glycerol

- includes long chain tail, so it requires the addition on one fatty acid tail to make a suitable membrane lipid

front 38

Name the structure

back 38

Glycerol

- does not have any stereocenters. When it is derivatized, the symmetric molecules becomes asymmetric (pro-chiral) when bound to enzyme

front 39

Name the structure

back 39

Glycospingolipids

- includes cerebrosides, gangliosides which are common in membranes of the brain and nerve cells

front 40

Name the structure

back 40

Glycoglycerolipids

- widespread in plants and bacterial membrane

front 41

Name the structure

back 41

Cholesterol

front 42

Name the structure

back 42

triaglycerol

front 43

Name the sugar

back 43

Glucose

front 44

Name the sugar

back 44

Mannose

front 45

Name the sugar

back 45

Galactose

front 46

Name the sugar

back 46

Fructose

front 47

Name the disaccharide

back 47

Maltose

B-d-glcp (1 to 4) B-d-glcp

front 48

Name the disaccharide

back 48

Sucrose

a - D -glcp (1 to 2) B-D-fruf

front 49

Name the disaccharide

back 49

Lactose

B-d-Galp (1 to 4) B-d-Glcp