Peptidoglycans are primarily found in

Bacterial cell walls

Which of the following is true about membrane glycoproteins?

A) They increase the hydrophobicity of the membrane.

B) They function primarily in energy storage.

C)They are located exclusively on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.

D)They serve as solute transporters in the membrane.

E)They play a key role in cell recognition and communication.

They play a key role in cell recognition and communication.

What describes why plant oils are generally healthier for human consumption than animal fats?

Plant oils usually contain more unsaturated fatty acids than animal fats

Lactose is made up of which of the following monosaccharides?

Glucose and Fructose

Which of the following segments of the integral membrane protein glycophorin most likely contains the transmembrane alpha helix?

A) SQTNDTHKRDTYAATPRA

B) LSTTEVAMHTTTSSSVSKSY

C) ITLIIFVMAILVIAFMILLI

D) VSEISVRTVYPPEEETGE

E) YGIRRLIKKSPSDVKPLP

C) ITLIIFVMAILVIAFMILLI

What correctly describes monosaccharide isomers?

Formation of a hemiacetal, or a hemiketal, creates a new chiral center.

Identify the compound

sphingomylelin

Which of the following are used for energy storage?

A) Fatty Acids

B) Glycerophospholipds

C) Cholesterol

D) Sphingolipids

E)Triacylglycerols

Triacylglycerols

How many reducing ends does glycogen have?

One

What can form a cyclic hemiketal?

Fructose

What does transverse asymmetry mean in the context of membrane structure?

The composition of the inner leaflet and outer leaflet of the bilayer are different

Which of the following pairs are epimers?

glucose and mannose

AcrB is a(n) ____ that transport drugs out of the cell ____ their concentration gradient using energy from protons entering the cell ____ their concentration gradient.

secondary active transporter; up; down

Which Fisher Projection represents the same monosaccharide as the Haworth Projection?

C

What is the position of the hydroxyls on the chiral carbons of D-fructose in the linear structure (Fischer projection)?

Left, right, right

Amide-linked ____ anchors are covalently attached to the ____ of ____ residues on proteins.

myristoyl; alpha amino group; glycine

The sodium potassium pump transports 3 Na⁺ ions ___ and 2 K⁺ ions ___ for every 1 molecule of ATP hydrolyzed.

out of the cell; into the cell

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?Correct answer:

A)Galactose

B) Sucrose

C) Maltose

D)Amylose

E)Lactose

A)Galactose

Which of the following statement about cell membrane states is TRUE?

A) Lipid rafts phase separate in single monolayers in the liquid-ordered state.

B) The liquid-ordered state predominates below the melting temperature of a membrane.

C) The solid-ordered state predominates above the melting temperature of a membrane.

D)Thioether linked proteins are found in the liquid-ordered state.

E) The liquid-ordered state can only be made up of lipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails.

A) Lipid rafts phase separate in single monolayers in the liquid-ordered state.

____ and ____ increase melting temperatures of fatty acids and lipids that contain them

Saturation; longer acyl chains

What polysaccharide is a branched polymer?

amylopectin

Starch is a mixture of

amylose and amylopectin

The monosaccharide used to make glycogen is _____, while the monosaccharide used to make RNA is _____ and DNA is _____.

glucose; ribose; deoxyribose

Peripheral membrane proteins are

Bound to integral membrane proteins or polar head groups of lipids

O-linked oligosaccharides are important on glycoproteins in order to

lift the protein functional domains above the glycocalyx.

What type of glycosidic bond is found in maltose?

α(1→4)

In glycoproteins, O-linked oligosaccharides are commonly attached to the —OH group of _____.

threonine

Which label points to the point of attachment for a fatty acid to yield a ceramide?

A

Which of the following is an example of a heteropolysaccharide?

hyaluronic acid

The bonding of alcohols to the anomeric center of a carbohydrate results in the formation of a(n) __________ bond.

glycosidic

What is true concerning the polysaccharide shown above?

The branch point illustrated occurs more often in glycogen than it does in amylopectin.

Which type of lipid-anchor is an isoprene-based lipid and connected to side-chain Cys residues?

Thioether-linked anchors

The role of cartilage matrix proteoglycan is

to expel water upon compression and absorb water upon decompression.

Which of the following structures is formed by fatty acids and other single tailed amphiphiles?

micelles

Lipid bilayers with high concentrations of gangliosides are rare. Which of the following explanations is correct?

A)The hydrophobic tails on gangliosides form a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape making close packing difficult.

B) Gangliosides contain trans fatty acids resulting in a bent hydrophobic tail making close packing difficult.

D) None of the above is correct.

E) Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult.

Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult.

Which of the following modes of transport exhibits saturation, at very high solute concentration?

-Facilitated diffusion

- Secondary active transport

-Primary active transport

-Ion channels

All of the following describe the solid ordered (S_o) phase of a lipid bilayer EXCEPT:

A) Tight packing

B) Maximal bilayer thickness

C) Found at temperatures below T_m

D)Lipid chains likely to be bent

D) lipid chains likely to be bent

ALL of the following are components of the cartilage matrix proteoglycan, EXCEPT:

A) O-linked oligosaccharides, Not SelectedCorrect answer:

B)Transmembrane domain

C)Chondroitin sulfate

D)N-linked oligosaccharides

E)Keratan sulfate

B)Transmembrane domain

All of the following are components of membranes EXCEPT:

A)Triacylglycerols

B) Proteins

C) Sphingolipids

D)Glycerophospholipids

E) Cholesterol

Triacylglycerols

A membrane surface protein with a keratan sulfate linkage is classified as a

Proteoglycan

Which of the following amino acid residues is thermodynamically favored at the lipid-water interface of a membrane?

Tryptophan

Proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates are called ______.

lectins

Two of the following are linear polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers:
______ is a structural polysaccharide, while _____ is for storage.

cellulose, amylose

Which carbon in D-glucose determines its D or L configuration?

C-5

Which of the following can be predicted using hydropathy plots?

Transmembrane alpha helices

Which of the these is the C-2 epimer of D-glucose?

Note that the identifying Roman Numeral is below each monosaccharide structure.

III