front 1 What is a characteristic of a bacterial promoter? | back 1 no data |
front 2 What is an example of a transcriptional control for gene X? | back 2 no data |
front 3 What is a rho independent termination? | back 3 no data |
front 4 DNA binding proteins serve as activators most like as _________. | back 4 no data |
front 5 Transcriptional regulators typically have what characteristics? | back 5 no data |
front 6 What factors lead to a positive regulation of the lac operon? | back 6 no data |
front 7 What does cAMP do to the protein CAP? | back 7 no data |
front 8 What are some true statements about prokaryotic promoters? | back 8 no data |
front 9 Most DNA binding proteins regulate gene expression in prokaryotes by ______. | back 9 no data |
front 10 Housekeeping genes are typically _______. | back 10 no data |
front 11 Draw where the sigma factor binds to the promoter sequence and the location of the RNA polymerase in a prokaryotic system | back 11 no data |
front 12 Explain how cAMP helps CAP regulate lac operon | back 12 no data |
front 13 why is the lac operon considered leaky | back 13 no data |
front 14 Why is a leaky expression of lacZYA beneficial when lactose levels are high. | back 14 no data |
front 15 How can liver cells and neurons have the same genome, but different functions? | back 15 depends on gene regulation |
front 16 What is required for prokaryotic transcription | back 16 promoter, terminator |
front 17 DNA and RNA | back 17 structurally the same but differ in ribose sugar and U vs T bases |
front 18 DNA and mRNA | back 18 mRNA has same sequence in coding DNA but T is replaced by U |
front 19 RNA polymerase | back 19 transcribes DNA message to RNA needs a promoter |
front 20 general transcription factors (eukaryotes) and sigma factors (prokaryotes) | back 20 help RNA pol to find correct promoter |
front 21 prokaryotic gene organization | back 21 1 promoter for several genes that function in same or related pathways called operons |
front 22 eukaryotic gene organization | back 22 1 promoter per gene |
front 23 RNA polymerase + sigma factor = | back 23 holoenzyme |
front 24 sigma factors recognize ____ | back 24 DNA promoter sequences upstream from transcrption start site (+1) (-35 and -10) |
front 25 sigma70 in E. coli | back 25 drives expression for cell growth and survival (housekeeping genes) alternate sigma factors expressed to stress or other triggers |
front 26 after being positioned on the DNA, RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA helix. Where does the initial unwinding occur? | back 26 -10 box of promoter more AT bonds --> less energy |
front 27 After transcription initiation RNAP ___ | back 27 adds NTPs still, synthesizes RNA transcript, synthesizes RNA 5' to 3' |
front 28 why is a terminator needed | back 28 because RNA polymerase doesn't know when to stop |
front 29 where are GC rich sequences found | back 29 3' untranslated end (UTR) of mRNA and bound to Rho protein |
front 30 Rho proteins and RNAP | back 30 RNA wraps around Rho and pulls it closer to RNAP, the contact between these 2 signals to stop transcription |
front 31 prokaryotic terminator | back 31 hairpin of GC with a set of UUUU at the 3' end |
front 32 transcription regulators usually interact with DNA thru | back 32 non covalent interactions |
front 33 major vs minor groove | back 33 major shows more bases than minor |
front 34 activators | back 34 bind to specific DNA sequence and activate downstream genes |
front 35 repressors | back 35 bind at DNA sequence and inhibit gene transcription usually blocks RNAP |
front 36 lac operon | back 36 controls expression of genes used in lactose breakdownuu |