front 1 What is the purpose of cell division? | back 1 to produce additional cells, for growth or to replace ones that are normally lost. |
front 2 somatic cells produce how many identical daughter cells? | back 2 2 |
front 3 What is the half-life of an erythrocyte? | back 3 115 days, 1011 are replaced daily |
front 4 neutrophils have a half-life of about? | back 4 10.5 h, 6 x 1010 are replaced daily |
front 5 The lifespan for cells that line the stomach is? | back 5 3 to 5 days |
front 6 The lifespan for enterocytes is? | back 6 5 to 6 days |
front 7 The cell cycle is divided into three stages, ______________, _______________, and ________________ | back 7 interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis |
front 8 What phases make up interphase? | back 8 G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase |
front 9 What occurs in interphase? | back 9 DNA replication |
front 10 All cells spend a majority of their life in? | back 10 interphase |
front 11 What is the G phase for? | back 11 a growth phase and a preparation time for DNA synthesis of S phase |
front 12 What else takes place in the G1 phase besides DNA synthesis? | back 12 RNA and protein synthesis |
front 13 What examples are reasons why the G1 phase is the most variable among cells types? | back 13 embryonic cells divide rapidly, they spend very little time in the G1 phase. mature cells that do not actively cycle, permanently stay in G1 phase |
front 14 What is the G0 phase? | back 14 a phase where cells are not committed to DNA synthesis |
front 15 Where is the restriction point located and why is it important? | back 15 located in the G1 phase and if passed, it will commit a cell to continue DNA synthesis in the S phase. It is important for cell cycle regulation |
front 16 What occurs during the S phase? | back 16 synthesis of DNA/DNA replication |
front 17 Actively cycling cells spend about how many hours in S phase? | back 17 6 |
front 18 What is the G2 phase? | back 18 a time of preparation for the nuclear division of mitosis, allows for the cell to ensure that DNA synthesis is complete before proceeding to mitosis |
front 19 What does the checkpoint in the G2 phase do? | back 19 assesses the nuclear integrity using intracellular regulatory molecules |
front 20 The G2 phase lasts for about __ hours? | back 20 4 |
front 21 What is the purpose of mitosis? | back 21 assures that each daughter cell will have identical complete functional copies of the parent cells genetic material |
front 22 Mitosis is divided into 5 phases called? | back 22 prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
front 23 Dividing cells spend about ___ hour in mitosis | back 23 1 |
front 24 What occurs in prophase? | back 24 the nuclear envelope remains intact while the chromatin that was duplicated in S phase is condensed into chromatids |
front 25 What occurs in prometaphase? | back 25 nuclear envelope begins to break down, chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules via kinetochores |
front 26 What occurs in metaphase? | back 26 chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle, kinetochore microtubules attache sister chromatids to opposite poles |
front 27 What occurs in anaphase? | back 27 sister chromatids migrate toward the opposite poles of the spindle |
front 28 What occurs in telophase? | back 28 kinetochore microtubule disaasembly and mitotic spindle dissociation |
front 29 What is cytokinesis? | back 29 is the separation into two distinct daughter cells (cytoplasm is divided) |
front 30 gametes are associated with ___________, while somatic is associated with ___________ | back 30 meiosis, mitosis |
front 31 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are- | back 31 cell cycle mediators |
front 32 Cyclin D regulates what phase(s) of the cell cycle | back 32 G1 |
front 33 Cyclin E regulates what phase(s) of the cell cycle- | back 33 some of G1 and some of S |
front 34 Cyclin A regulates what phase(s) of the cell cycle | back 34 S |
front 35 Cyclin B regulates what phase(s) of the cell cycle | back 35 end of S and G2 |
front 36 cyclin concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle due to? | back 36 its synthesis and degradation |
front 37 Which cyclins are essential for progression through the restriction point? | back 37 D-type cyclin D1, D2, D3 |
front 38 cyclin D and kinases ____ and _____ function in what way | back 38 CDK4, CDK6, progression past the restriction point at the G1/S boundary |
front 39 cyclin E and A and kinase ____ function in what way | back 39 CDK2, initiation of DNA synthesis in early S phase |
front 40 Cyclin B and kinase ____ function in what way | back 40 CDK1, transtion from G2 to M |
front 41 What catalyzes the phosphorylation of substrate proteins on serine and threonine amino acid residues? | back 41 active cyclin-CDK complex |