Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

22 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Biochem exam 2

front 1

Histone acetyltransferase

back 1

enzyme that adds an acetyl group

removes + charge

activate gene expression

front 2

Histone deacetylase

back 2

enzyme that removes an acetyl group

front 3

phosphorylation

back 3

kinases add phosphates; and enzymes called phosphatases remove them

adds negative charge

activates gene expression

front 4

methylation

back 4

affect depends on protein

front 5

DNA Methylation

back 5

Methylation of CpG “islands” = gene silencing

front 6

DNA methylation: cancer

back 6

Tumor suppressor genes: roles in DNA repair, regulation of cell division, metabolism.
• Block cellular proliferation and cancer
• Hypermethylation of promoter prevents tumor suppressor gene expression, cancer
more likely to develop. DNMT inhibitors may be used to restore expression

front 7

DNA replication occurs in _____ phase

back 7

S

front 8

ORI

back 8

particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated

front 9

A + T are more likely to separate during DNA replication:

why?

back 9

they only have 2 H bonds whereas G-C have 3

less energy needed

front 10

difference between DNA primer and RNA primer

back 10

RNA primers are weaker and can synthesize without needing dNTPs

front 11

Topoisomerase

back 11

assists in undoing the supercoiling of DNA upstream from replication fork

front 12

start codon

back 12

ATG

front 13

stop codons

back 13

TGG TGA TAA

front 14

What do you need for PCR

back 14

DNA Polymerase (heat tolerant)
• Primers
• dNTPs
• A DNA template (source for your sequence of interest)
• System for changing the temperature

front 15

Taq polymerase

back 15

fixes mismatch bases

front 16

agarose gel can't properly size circular DNA. list the shapes from large to small

back 16

circle > wavy > helix > supercoil

front 17

proteins used in MMR

back 17

MutS (recognizes mismatch), MutL (mediator), MutH (introduces single nick), UvrD/Helicase (unwinds near nick), exonuclease (cuts until mismatch)

front 18

proteins used in BER

back 18

DNA glycosylases (recognize damaged bases), AP endonuclease (removes remaining backbone, phosphate, sugar),

front 19

proteins used in NER

back 19

spontaneous

UvrA/UvrB (identify the pyrimidine dimer), UvrC (cuts the strand with
the dimer, about 12 bases removed), UvrD (separates the
strands, damaged piece is removed),

front 20

proteins used in NHEJ

back 20

double strand DNA breaks eukaryotes

recognition of broken DNA ends by the
protein Ku

front 21

proteins used in HDR

back 21

MRN and CtIP nuclease (degrades), RPA (binds proteins), BRCA1 (end processing), BRCA2 (stabilize RAD51), RAD51 (displaces RPA),

front 22

BRCA1 and 2 and cancer

back 22

breast cancer genes

mutations can lead to cancer

Loss of BCRA2 will make it harder for strand invasion to
occur during HDR